-The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.Index terms: ammonium-oxalate-extractable Al, phosphate adsorption, phosphorus buffer capacity. Fósforo remanescente e pH em fluoreto de sódio em solos com diferentes teores e qualidades de argilaResumo -O fósforo remanescente (Prem) tem sido utilizado para estimar o fator capacidade de P (FCP) de solos de algumas regiões do Brasil. Entre outras finalidades, o P remanescente pode também ser utilizado para estimar níveis críticos de P, S e Zn no solo, determinados com extratores sensíveis ao FCP, e para a definição das doses de P e S a serem usadas, tanto em estudos de adsorção como no estabelecimento de curvas de resposta a esses elementos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do teor e da composição mineralógica da fração argila do solo sobre o Prem, e sua relação com o pH medido em solução saturada de NaF (pH NaF). Tanto o Prem quanto o pH NaF são mais influenciados pelo teor de Al extraído com oxalato de amônio e menos dependentes do teor de argila. Embora a correlação entre o Prem e o pH NaF seja consistente, o Prem apresenta maior capacidade de estratificar solos quanto ao fator capacidade de fósforo que o pH NaF Termos de indexação: alumínio extraível com oxalato, adsorção de fosfato, fator capacidade de fósforo.

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This study evaluated the effect of roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio associated with a variable particle size of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF8) in the forage (Tifton-85 hay) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Seventy-two 4-month-old, non-castrated Santa Ines male lambs (23.5 ± 2.32 kg BW) were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [two peNDF8 hay particle sizes (13 and 6 mm) and two R:C ratios (700:300 and 500:500 g/kg DM total)]. DMI, DM, NFC and TDN digestibility's, N-intake and N-faecal excretion were affected by the R:C ratio (P < 0.05). However, the N-retained was not affected by the studied variables (P > 0.05). It was observed an interaction (P < 0.05) between the peNDF8 and R:C ratios for final BW, average daily gain (ADG), colour parameters and pH 24 h. The lower roughage ratio provided greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of C14:1, C16:1–cis9, C18:1–cis9, ΣMUFA, Σn–6:Σn–3 and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index, enzymatic activity Δ9desaturase-C16 and -C18. Lambs fed a lower roughage diet had improved performance and feed efficiency, however, presented reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations in the meat, especially Σn–3 family. Higher roughage diet and larger peNDF8 particle size improved the concentrations of PUFA while decreased Σn–6:Σn–3 ratio in meat. Larger peNDF8 particle size associated with higher roughage proportion, have reduced animal performance however, it increased protein concentration, a* and C* colour parameter without affecting fatty acids profile of Longissimus lumborum muscle.

Agradeço a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram com a realização deste trabalho. Especialmente aos professores Adolpho José Melfi e Célia Regina Montes pela atenção, confiança e supervisão e principalmente pela oportunidade de fazer parte desse grupo de trabalho. A Tamara Maria Gomes e Uwe Heinz Willi Herpin pelo auxílio imprescindível à redação do trabalho.

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This case study considers two frequently advocated approaches to reducing indirect taxation in Brazil: reduction in taxes on food; reduction in taxes on intermediate inputs to agriculture. To asses the effects of both on income distribution poverty levels, a bottom-up general equilibrium model of Brazil (TERM-BR) is linked to a microsimulation model. It is shown that one of the favoured policies is more poverty reducing, the other more income inequality reducing. Perhaps even more importantly, the analysis demonstrates that the two policies lead to very different outcomes in terms of interstate transfers; a major political barrier to reform in a federal state.