Obese and overweight adolescents in the final stages of sexual maturity presented higher bone mineral density in relation to their normal-weight counterparts; however, cohort studies will be necessary to evaluate the influence of such characteristic on bone resistance in adulthood and, consequently, on the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis at older ages.

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Objective: to study bone density as a concomitant factor for obesity in post-pubertal adolescents, controlling for other variables that may interfere in such a relation.Methods: Study comprising 83 overweight and obese adolescents (BMI > P85) and 89 non obese ones (P5 < BMI < P85). Cases and controls were selected out of 1,420 students (aged 14-19) from a public school in the city of São Paulo. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2-L4 in g/cm 2 ) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (LUNAR TM DPX-L). The variable bone density was dichotomized using 1.194 g/cm 2 as cutoff point. Bivariate analyses were conducted considering the prevalence of overweight and obesity followed by multivariate analysis (logistic regression) according to a hierarchical conceptual model. Results:The prevalence of bone density above the median was twice more frequent among cases (69.3%) than among controls (32.1%). In the bivariate analysis such prevalence resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 4.78. The logistic regression model showed that the association between obesity and mineral density is yet more intense with an OR of 6.65 after the control of variables related to sedentary lifestyle and intake of milk and dairy products. Conclusion:Obese and overweight adolescents in the final stages of sexual maturity presented higher bone mineral density in relation to their normal-weight counterparts; however, cohort studies will be necessary to evaluate the influence of such characteristic on bone resistance in adulthood and, consequently, on the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis at older ages.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(4):337-42: Obesity, bone density, adolescent, osteoporosis.

Background Considering that modification in body composition and growth velocity leads to alterations in zinc and copper nutritional status, the purpose of the study was to assess erythrocyte zinc and serum copper in adolescents of both genders, according to the stage of sexual maturity at different growth phases. Methods Two hundred and eighty-six adolescents were assessed, 157 were female, with body mass index Z-score between −2 and +2. Clinical biochemical measurements were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Student’s t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni tests were used. Results Median serum copper was superior, and zinc was inferior to respective reference values in all groups. Serum copper presented significant reduction in the final stages of pubertal development in males; in turn, erythrocyte zinc values increased linearly with the evolution of puberty stages in both genders. Comparison between genders in each stage of growth showed significant difference in peak acceleration and in deceleration for erythrocyte zinc and serum copper, with both being higher in females. Conclusions Serum copper is inversely influenced by modifications that occur with the evolution of puberty in males, whereas erythrocyte zinc is directly influenced in both genders, although always with deficient deposition. At peak acceleration and deceleration of growth, there is greater mobilization of erythrocyte zinc and serum copper in males, when compared with females, which does not occur at the onset of the acceleration of growth.

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ResumoIntrodução: Os defeitos cardíacos congênitos são classificados, com base na repercussão hemodinâmica, em acianogênicos (quando não há misturas entre as frações oxigenada e não oxigenada na circulação sistêmica) e cianogênicos (em que ocorre mistura das frações). Objetivo: Investigar possíveis alterações de peso corporal em crianças portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas acianogênicas ou cianogênicas, nos períodos pré e pós-cirúrgico. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 40 crianças de dois a seis anos de idade, com diagnóstico de cardiopatia congênita acianogênica ou cianogênica. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas no grupo acianogênico, evidenciando que, em média, as crianças estavam com -3,2% do peso ideal no pré-operatório, passando para 3,7% no terceiro retorno póscirurgia. Entretanto, não foram verificadas diferenças significantes no grupo de cianogênicos. Também não se observaram diferenças ao comparar os grupos, nos momentos pré e pós-operatório. Conclusão: O estudo mostra que há uma relação entre mudanças significativas do peso corporal e cardiomiopatia acianogênica.Descritores: Cirurgia; Congênito; Patologia. AbstractIntroduction: The congenital heart defects are classified, according to hemodynamic repercussion, in acyanotic (no mixture between oxygenated and non-oxygenated fractions in the systemic circulation) and cyanotic (with mixture of the fractions). Objective: To investigate possible changes in body weight in children with congenital acyanotic or cyanotic, during the pre and post-surgery periods. Methods: It was evaluated 40 children, aged 2-6 years diagnosed with congenital cyanotic or acyanotic. Results: There were significant differences in the acyanotic group, showing that on average the children were -3.2% of ideal weight preoperatively rising to 3.7% in the third return after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the cyanotic group. There were also no differences when comparing both groups in relation to variations in the percentage calculated from the real and ideal weights, in the pre-and postoperative. Conclusion:The study suggests that there is a significant relationship between changes in body weight and acyanotic cardiomyopathy.

En la ciudad de Sao Paulo, el día 21 de Agosto de 2014, bajo la coordinación del Prof. Fabián Calixto Fraiz, se inició la exposición de los programas de Odontología Materno Infantil de siete países de América Latina: Argentina, Chile, Méjico, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. A partir de los relatos de los representantes de cada asociación quedó evidente que las experiencias de atención en salud bucal materno infantil en América Latina presentan gran diversidad de estrategias, protocolos y actividades. Esas especificidades responden a las distintas coyunturas sociales, económicas, culturales, políticas y administrativas de cada pais. Se por un lado reconocer esa rica diversidad permitirá la formulación de propuestas que atiendan las demandas locales con mayor eficiencia y eficacia, por otro lado, identificar los desafíos semejantes y encontrar los puntos de confluencia en nuestra practica permitirá la formulación de propuestas integradoras. Las experiencias relatadas indican que las estrategias de atención materno-infantil exigen avances conceptuales, los cuales emergieran de la profunda y constante reflexión sobre el papel de la odontología en el campo de la promoción y educación en salud, asistencia y formación de recursos humanos para el abordaje transdisciplinar para ese grupo poblacional.