Background:Hallmarks of the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease (RCD) include an abnormal immune response, angiogenesis, and altered variables of vascularity. Degenerative changes enhance production of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and vascular angiogenesis-related cytokines (ARC) that play a pivotal role in the immune response to arthroscopic surgery and participate in the pathogenesis of RCD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ARC profile, ie, interleukin (IL): IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and angiogenin (ANG), in human peripheral blood serum and correlate this with early degenerative changes in patients with RCD.Methods:Blood specimens were obtained from 200 patients with RCD and 200 patients seen in the orthopedic clinic for nonrotator cuff disorders. Angiogenesis imaging assays was performed using power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate variables of vascularity in the rotator cuff tendons. Expression of ARC was measured by commercial Bio-Plex Precision Pro Human Cytokine Assays.Results:Baseline concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, and VEGF was significantly higher in RCD patients than in controls. Significantly higher serum VEGF levels were found in 85% of patients with RCD, and correlated with advanced stage of disease (r = 0.75; P < 0.0005), average microvascular density (r = 0.68, P < 0.005), and visual analog score (r = 0.75, P < 0.0002) in RCD patients. ANG and IL-10 levels were significantly lower in RCD patients versus controls. IL-1β and ANG levels were significantly correlated with degenerative tendon grade in RCD patients. No difference in IL-6 and bFGF levels was observed between RCD patients and controls. Patients with degenerative changes had markedly lower ANG levels compared with controls. Power Doppler ultrasound showed high blood vessel density in patients with tendon rupture.Conclusion:The pathogenesis of RCD is associated with an imbalance between pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and vascular ARC.
The treatment of meniscal tears continues to evolve. A few years ago most tears were treated with total meniscectomy, which evolved to partial meniscectomy and then to meniscal repair. The purpose is to preserve as much of the menisci as possible, to maintain their potential biomechanical properties, and to preserve normal knee function. Different repair techniques have been used many of them involving both vertical and horizontal sutures. We are proposing an inside-out meniscal repair technique with cross-shaped stitches that provides a 4-point fixation construct.
Objetivo:Describir las características clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes con intoxicación por metanol. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos en pacientes con diagnóstico de intoxicación por metanol, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el 2004 y 2008. Resultados: Se encontraron 8 pacientes (6 varones y 2 mujeres) atendidos por intoxicación por metanol, 6 sobrevivieron. En todos los casos la vía de ingreso fue oral, 7 en forma accidental; 4 de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de dependencia alcohólica y 3 de depresión. Al ingreso, 7 presentaron alteración del nivel de conciencia, 7 visión borrosa y 4 vómitos y los niveles de metanol sérico estuvieron entre 67 a 93 mg/dL. Todos los pacientes presentaron acidosis metabólica con anión gap elevado. Los pacientes fallecidos tuvieron pH menor de 7,0. La principal complicación fue neumonía aspirativa. Conclusiones: Debido al escaso número de casos no podemos llegar a conclusiones; sin embargo, podemos decir que la intoxicación por metanol generalmente se produce por ingesta accidental, debido al consumo de licores adulterados en varones adultos de limitados recursos económicos, los síntomas más frecuentes de presentación son la alteración de la conciencia y la visión borrosa, y aparentemente el riesgo de muerte está relacionado con la severidad de la acidosis metabólica.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.