Objective. To evaluate the clinical effect of a probiotic mouthwash in reducing generalized marginal chronic gingivitis using positive and negative control groups. Methodology. Four-week study conducted in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from January to March 2017. Participants were healthy, non-smokers with generalized marginal chronic gingivitis; age range 18-45 years. Subjects were randomized and divided into three groups: Group A: mouthwash based on 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (positive control); Group B: mouthwash based on probiotics (experimental); Group C: placebo mouthwash (negative control). No oral hygiene practices or routines were modified; subjects were followed for 4 weeks. The primary outcome variable of interest was the Löe and Silness gingival index, and the secondary one, the Quigley Heinn plaque index modified by Turesky. Results. Of the 45 patients included, 19 (42.2%) were men and 26 (57.7%) women, mean age was 22.8±2.07. Each group consisted of 15 subjects; all subjects completed the study. There was no statistically significant reduction in gingival inflammation when comparing the 3 treatment groups (p=0.540) with respect to the gingival index. A comparison was made before and after the treatment and in the 3 groups there was no reduction of the gingival inflammation. Plaque reduction was not statistically significant when comparing the 3 groups (p=0.278). However, when doing intra-group comparison, it was found that the patients in group A had a reduction in plaque index (p<0.005), which was not observed in groups B (p=0.1103) and C (p=0.1508). Conclusions. The use of a probiotic mouth mouthwash did not reduce gingival inflammation or the accumulation of dentobacterial plaque in a period of 4 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups. Evaluation of the clinical effect of a probiotic mouthwash in the treatment of generalized marginal chronic gingivitis. Randomized pilot study. Evaluation of the clinical effect of a probiotic mouthwash in the treatment of generalized marginal chronic gingivitis. Randomized pilot study.
Las frecuencias de defoliación y la edad de la pradera son variables estratégicas en el manejo del cultivo de la alfalfa para incrementar la biomasa producida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de tres frecuencias de corte en el ciclo primavera-verano sobre la producción de materia seca, tasa de crecimiento y componentes del rendimiento de praderas de alfalfa de uno, dos y tres años de establecimiento. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 3 (frecuencias de corte y edad de la pradera). La mayor producción promedio de materia seca (7,528 Kg MS ha-1) y tasa de crecimiento (257 Kg MS ha-1día) se registró en praderas de un año de establecimiento (P<0.01). De otra forma, la frecuencia de corte a cuatro semanas (6,844 Kg MS ha-1) superó en 29 y 16 %, respectivamente a las frecuencias de tres y cinco semanas en la producción de materia seca. La producción de hoja y tallo en la pradera de un año de establecida superó en 45 % a la de tres años y la altura en 32 %; mientras que en la frecuencia de corte cada cuatro semanas los valores de hoja y tallo fueron 21 y 49 % superiores a tres semanas de corte y la altura en 33 %. Las variables evaluadas y su interacción determinan los componentes de rendimiento estimados en praderas de alfalfa variedad Oaxaca Criolla.
The effect of velvet bean Mucuna deeringiana plowed under three months after planting, and non incorporated (cut for forage three months after planting), on the nematode population (Meloidogyne incognita, races 1 and 4 and Rotylenchulus reniformis) and on yield of tomato, dry beans or corn was studied for two years (1989-1990) in the same experiment at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Isabela. A two-year rotation program with Mucuna plowed into the soil, followed by tomato, was the most effective control for the root knot and reniform nematodes.This method increased tomato yield 176% over that of continuous tomato. The root gall index in tomato roots significantly decreased in all plots previously planted with Mucuna. Nonincorporated Mucuna did not affect tomato yield. Soil incorporated as well as non-incorporated Mucuna increased dry bean yields (212% and 141%, respectively) in 1989 as compared to yield in monoculture. Mucuna did not affect corn yield.
La antracnosis ocasionada por Colletotrichum spp provoca una de las enfermedades más limitantes en la producción de Passiflora edulis y Carica papaya en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la patogenicidad de aislados de Colletotrichum en frutos de maracuyá y papaya, así como su sensibilidad in vitro a fungicidas. Los experimentos fueron realizados en el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí. Los frutos sanos de maracuyá, variedad INIAP 2009 y papaya variedad hawaiana, se inocularon por medio de la colecta de fragmentos de micelio fúngico con la punta de un palito de madera estrilizado. Para la sensibilidad in vitro de los fungicidas se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, 8 tratamientos de fungicidas comerciales, con 4 repeticiones y la comparación de medias fue realizada con la prueba de Tukey (P < 0.05). Todos los aislamientos fueron patogénicos en maracuyá y papaya respectivamente, provocaron síntomas característicos de antracnosis de 4 a 5 días después de inoculados. Los fungicidas tebuconazol, propiconazol, difenoconazol, benomil, carbendazim y azoxystrobin inhibieron totalmente el crecimiento miceliar del hongo, mientras que clorotalonil y sulfato de cobre disminuyeron parcialmente el desarrollo de Colletotrichum spp. Los fungicidas sistémicos demostraron ser efectivos en el control in vitro de Colletotrichum spp. aislado de maracuyá y papaya
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