ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic on the bacterial and phytoplankton concentration in intensive shrimp farming (Litopenaeus vannamei) with a recirculation system, for one culture period in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Ponds, with mean area of 2.6 ha, were stocked with a density of 98 shrimp m -2 . A commercial probiotic was prepared following the manufacture's specifications and sprayed on the surface of the ponds seven days prior to stocking and then on a weekly basis until harvest. The same procedures were used with all treatments (control and probiotic), with regard to feeding, liming, fertilization, use of molasses and monitoring of water quality. Field data were analyzed using ANOVA, the Tukey test and Chi-square tests. No significant differences between treatments were found for water quality data, but treatment means showed significant differences for total heterotrophic bacteria in the sediment (5.181 ± 0.34x10 4 cfu g -1 and 5.749 ± 0.67x10 4 cfu g -1 ), total heterotrophic bacteria in surface water (4.514 ± 0.95x 10 4 cfu m L -1 and 4.136 ± 0.81x10 4 cfu m L -1 ) and positive sucrose in surface water (2.438 ± 0.72x10 4 cfu m L -1 and 2.203 ± 0.76x10 4 cfu m L -1 ), respectively, for the control and probiotic treatment. Significant differences were also observed throughout the weeks for total heterotrophic bacteria in the sediment, positive and negative sucrose in the sediment, total heterotrophic bacteria in surface and bottom water, and Pyrrophyta percentage values between 10 and 16 weeks. These results showed that the probiotic causes changes in the total heterotrophic bacteria in the sediment and percentage values of Pyrrophyta concentration, improving the environmental quality of the sediment and water in ponds with closed recirculation systems. Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio, microalgae, aquaculture, Brazil.Efecto de un probiótico comercial sobre la concentración de bacterias y fitoplancton en cultivo de camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei) con sistemas de recirculación RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de un probiótico comercial sobre la concentración de bacterias y fitoplancton en el cultivo intensivo de camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei) con sistemas de recirculación, para un ciclo de cultivo en Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La siembra de camarones se hizo con una densidad de 98 camarones m -2 en viveros de 2,6 ha. Se preparó un probiótico comercial siguiendo las especificaciones del fabricante y rociado sobre la superficie de los estanques siete días antes de la siembra, y después se aplicó semanalmente hasta la cosecha. Los mismos procedimientos con respecto a la alimentación, encalado, fertilización, uso de la melaza y monitoreo de la calidad del agua se utilizaron en todos los tratamientos (control y probiótico). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el análisis de varianza, prueba de Tukey y Chi-cuadrado. Para los datos de calidad de agua no hubo diferencias significativas entre los trat...
ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Navicula sp. on plankton composition and postlarvae growth of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in culture tanks with zero water exchange systems. Four treatments were considered: zero water exchange (ZWE); ZWE with the addition of feed (ZWE-F); ZWE with the addition of Navicula sp. (ZWE-N) and ZWE with the addition of feed and Navicula sp. (ZWE-FN), all in triplicate. Shrimp of 17.7 ± 0.02 mg were stocked at a density of 2500 shrimp m -3 and microalgae added on the 1 st , 5 th and 15 th day at a density of 5x10 4 cell mL -1. The shrimp were fed a commercial feed composed by 42% crude protein four times a day except in the ZWE treatment. For data analysis we used Cochran, ShapiroWilk, ANOVA, Tukey and Student-t tests (P < 0.05). The most frequent genera were: Anabaena, Arcella, Asplanchma, Bosmina, Brachionus, Cylindrotheca, Daphnia, Fragilaria, Hemiaulus, Keratella, Orthoseira, Oscillatoria, Phymatodocis, Rhabdonema, Skeletonema, Sckizothrix and Ulothrix. Significant differences between treatments were observed for TAN, NO2-N, alkalinity, final weight, weight gain, final biomass, biomass gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival. The ZWE-FN treatment showed better production parameters, indicating the benefits of the addition of Navicula sp. as a natural food source for L. vannamei postlarvae in zero water exchange systems. Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, Navicula, phytoplankton, zooplankton, cyanobacteria, aquaculture.Efecto de la adición de Navicula sp. sobre la composición del plancton y el crecimiento de postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei criadas en estanques de cultivo sin recambio de agua RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de Navicula sp. en la composición del plancton y el crecimiento de postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei en estanques de cultivo sin recambio de agua. Se realizaron cuatro tratamientos: sin recambio de agua (ZWE); ZWE con adición de ración alimenticia (ZWE-F); ZWE más la adición de la diatomea Navicula sp. (ZWE-N) y ZWE con adición de la ración alimenticia y adicionalmente Navicula sp. (ZWE-FN), todos ellos con tres repeticiones. Los camarones de 17,7 ± 0,02 mg fueron sembrados a una densidad de 2500 camarones m -3, las microalgas fueron adicionadas el 1º, 5º y 15º día de cultivo a una densidad de 5x10 4 cel mL -1. Los camarones se alimentaron con una ración comercial con 42% de proteína cruda, cuatro veces al día. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron las pruebas de Cochran, Shapiro Wilk, ANOVA, Tukey y t de Student (P < 0,05). Los géneros más frecuentes fueron: Anabaena, Arcella,
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