Polygodial (1) and its derivatives acetal 2 (propylene) and 3 (ethylene) were prepared and their antifeedant activity and toxic effects evaluated on several insect species with different feeding ecologies (Spodoptera littoralis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi) along with that of polygonone (4). We also tested their selective cytotoxic effects on insect-derived (Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian Sf9 cells) and mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The antifeedant activity of these compounds was consistent with the proposed mode of action for antifeedant drimanes, i. e. adduct formation with amino groups for M. persicae and R. padi (dialdehyde > ketoaldehyde > aldehydeacetal). This was not the case for L. decemlineata, and the cytotoxic effects on insect-derived Sf9 and mammalian CHO cells (aldehydeacetal > dialdehyde > ketoaldehyde).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HHP and rigor state on palm ruff (Seriolella violacea) muscle proteins. HHP treatments were performed at 450-550 MPa for 3 and 4 min at 15°C. Protein secondary structure was evaluated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal behavior was evaluated by using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that HHP treatments reduced a-helix and increased b-sheet in fish protein structures. Throughout the 35-d storage period, secondary structures in HHP samples changed depending on pressure intensity, holding time, and rigor state. The thermograms of palm ruff muscles showed four endothermic transitions in prerigor state and three in postrigor state. The HHP treatment affected thermal stability of myosin protein, which is reflected in the change of denaturation temperature (T d ) and a decrease in denaturation enthalpy (DH d ) with respect to the native protein; actin was denatured by the pressure treatments. In conclusion, rigor state and HHP affected protein structure of fish proteins.
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