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The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine became available in Portugal in 2001. Although not included in the national immunization program, vaccination coverage is high (over 60%). We studied for the first time the rates of nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of pneumococci, antibiotic resistance patterns and serotypes among children attending day-care centers (DCCs) in Coimbra, a city in the Central Region of Portugal. Between January and February 2007, a cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 6 months to 6 years attending eight DCCs. NP swabs were obtained from 507 children: 76.7% had received at least one dose of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 64.3% were age-appropriately vaccinated. The global pneumococcal carriage rate was 61.3%. Colonization proportions varied with age and number of children attending each DCC. Serotyping revealed that 20.7% of the pneumococci were vaccine types (VTs), 70.8% were non-VTs, and 8.5% were nontypeable. Serotype 19F was the second most frequent serotype being detected in 10.5% of the samples. While global NP carriage was not associated with vaccination status, non-VTs were predominant among vaccinated children, who had significantly lower prevalence of VT. Of all isolates, 15.7% had penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations that ranged between 0.12 and 2 microg/ml. The proportion of resistant strains was significantly higher among VT and unvaccinated children. In conclusion, the rates of vaccination and prevalence of pneumococcal NP were high. Rates of antimicrobial resistance were similar to those found in studies conducted in Oeiras and Lisbon. This study is a platform for future surveillance activities.

Objective: To draw an epidemiological profile of neglected diseases of compulsory notification in Brazil, and to analyze government investments in this area. Methodology: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, conducted between 2007 and 2017, with the universe of reported data on neglected diseases in Brazil, including dengue, visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, tuberculosis and leprosy. Results: It was observed that the disease with the largest number of reported cases in the period was leprosy with a higher predominance in males, cases such as malaria, tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis in which there is a significant difference between genders. Regarding the number of deaths, it was found that there was a highlight for Tuberculosis, however, in some cases, the patient's death was due to other causes, such as existing comorbidities or complications thereof. Conclusion: In Brazil, some of these diseases receive greater attention from the government, significantly reducing the number of cases, such as leprosy, schistosomiasis and dengue. But other diseases, such as tuberculosis, which have already been targeted by government campaigns, do not have much investment today and the number of cases has changed little over the past 10 years.

Objective: To establish the epidemiological characteristics and predictive factors of lethality of victims of severe TBI, admitted to the ICU of a Reference Hospital in the State of Piauí, during the period from January 2014 to December 2014. Methodology: is a descriptive and retrospective study. Data will be collected through medical records and noted in a standardized form. Results: The data analyzed showed young male adults, about 88.5%. There was a higher prevalence of severe TBI (18.4%), due to the research scenario: the intensive care environment. Motorcycle accidents were the main cause of TBI (75.9%). Regarding tomographic findings on ICU admission, there was a predominance of Extradural Hematoma (HED), followed by Acute Subdural Hematoma (HSDA). Conclusion: The research showed that the predictors of lethality in this population were mechanical ventilation time and blood transfusion.

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