Entrepreneurship has a major impact on economic development and poverty reduction; for instance, in developed countries, it has been shown to impact the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 5 to 7%. It is also observed that those who undertake the entrepreneurial challenge tend to invest more in their education, health and welfare in favor of their families, encourage their children to learn to prepare and, thus, promote the desire to grow. Nonetheless, in this 21st century, they still face strong challenges for their full development. For this reason, it is imperative to know the entrepreneurial capacity and the limitations to convert that entrepreneurial capacity into real entrepreneurship. This article shows a statistical analysis of the entrepreneurial capacity by gender. The contribution of this paper is to use the covariance analysis model (ANCOVA) with explanatory variables of reason and dichotomous scales, where the entrepreneurial capacity, measured with Likert-type scales, is the regression. A 20 questions survey was applied fort data compilation. The final objective was to analyze the entrepreneurial capacity between men and women and to determine if there are significant differences among them, as well as the constraints that have blocked the generation of entrepreneurship, even in those individuals with high entrepreneurial capacity. The results show that there are significant differences in entrepreneurship between genders.
Este artículo busca evidencia empírica acerca de si un aumento de los impuestos, del gasto público y en general, un estado muy intervencionista estimula o desestimula la inversión privada en América Latina. Usando los mismos determinantes de la inversión privada que Caballero-Urdiales y López-Gallardo (2012), extendemos su análisis de cinco países latinoamericanos a toda América Latina. Los resultados a partir de nuestras elasticidades estimadas muestran evidencia consistente con tres hipótesis: (1) que la presión tributaria (impuestos sobre renta y consumo) tiene efectos significativos en la inversión privada; (2) que la inversión pública tiene un efecto de crowding out con la inversión privada; (3) y que para estimular la inversión privada, se prefiere que el gobierno sea poco intervencionista.
This research analyzed the influence of the level of education in entrepreneurship. The study included 982 participants in Machala-Ecuador. A survey with 20 questions to help determine the entrepreneurial ability to then provide a statistical analysis through a linear regression model, analysis where the dependent variable is quantitative and the independent variable is dichotomous. The results indicate a significant relationship between the level of education and entrepreneurship, as well as in each of the five dimensions involved. It is concluded that the ability for individuals to undertake entrepreneurship is proportional to the level of education they posses. These findings may be useful for both the general population as well as public or private institutions which employ mechanisms to promote both management and development of enterprises. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur, level of instruction ResumenEn el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia del nivel de instrucción sobre la capacidad emprendedora. Para ello se tomó una muestra de 982 habitantes de la ciudad de Machala -Ecuador, en la cual se aplicó una encuesta conformada por un cuestionario de 20 preguntas que determinan la capacidad emprendedora para luego dar paso a un análisis estadístico mediante un modelo de regresión lineal donde la variable dependiente es cuantitativa y la independiente de naturaleza dicotómica. Los resultados muestran una relación altamente significativa entre el nivel de instrucción y la capacidad emprendedora, así como en cada una de las cinco dimensiones que la conforman. Se concluye que la capacidad para emprender de los individuos es proporcional al nivel de instrucción que poseen. Estos hallazgos pueden ser
El crecimiento económico ha estado estrechamente relacionado con los avances tecnológicos y particularmente con la productividad, sin embargo la productividad empresarial en Ecuador ha sido poco abordada, aunque es de conocimiento que comprender el comportamiento de la productividad puede impulsar el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo (Solow, 1956; Romer, 1986). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la productividad del sector manufacturero ecuatoriano y determinar sus principales factores en el periodo 2007 – 2017. Para ello, se estima una función de producción a nivel de empresa con la metodología tradicional en un marco empírico simple al estilo Cobb Douglas (1928) con los insumos tradicionales: capital, empleo y materias primas.
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