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CPNs were well incorporated into glioblastoma and macrophage cells with localization in lysosomes. SW480 cells were less efficient incorporating CPNs with localization in the plasma membrane. In all cell lines PDT treatment was efficient inducing oxidative stress that triggered apoptosis.

Several hydrogel surfaces present properties that simulate the mechanical and physicochemical features of extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a platform that mimic the native cellular milieus. Poly- N -isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogels are receiving attention in biomedical field due to their thermosensibility and soft texture. However, more extensive biocompatibility and cellular interactions studies with cell lines are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is focus on evaluating the biocompatibility of PNIPAM through cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and proliferation tests in murine preadipose cells (3T3-L1), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human carcinoma-derived cells (A549) in presence of hydrogel surfaces. Bioadhesive capacity above PNIPAM surfaces was also analyzed. MTT and neutral red uptake assays shown non-cytotoxic effect of PNIPAM in the studied cell lines. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, where DNA damages were not detected. [ 3 H]-thymidine staining allowed to corroborate that cell proliferation had progressed correctly. Adopted morphologies for each cell line over PNIPAM were similar to cell growing observed on polystyrene, indicating that the surfaces favor the cell attachment during 5 days' culture. The good biocompatibility of PNIPAM surfaces make it an interesting scaffold with clinical potential in tissue regeneration engineering, and a possible adipose and kidney tissue-engineered construct.

Amplified singlet oxygen generation in metallated-porphyrin doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles.

Photothermal therapy is a therapy in which photon energy is converted into heat to kill cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of photothermal therapy, toxicity and hepatic and renal function of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI-Np) in a tumor-bearing mice model. The in vivo efficacy of nanoparticles, following NIR light exposure, was assessed by examining tumor growth over time compared to the untreated control. Signs of drug toxicity and the histopathology and morphology of tumor and tissues, after intratumoral injection treatment, were examined or monitored. Excellent photothermal therapy efficacy is achieved upon intratumoral injection of PANI-Np followed by near-infrared light exposure. These results suggest that PANI-Np could be considered as an effective photothermal agent and pave the way to future cancer therapeutics.

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Polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI-Nps) have been used in several applications; however, there are few publications related to the use in the photothermal therapy. PANI-Nps have high optical absorbance in the near-infrared region and in this wavelength range, biological systems are relatively transparent. For this reason, these materials can be used to absorb energy and to generate heat that destroys cancer cells selectively. PANI-Nps with average size of ca. 200 nm and neutral zeta potential were synthesized and characterized by DLS, SEM, and zeta potential. The kinetics of incorporation of PANINps into LM2 cell line was monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analysis of cell viability after PANI-Nps exposure shows that these nanoparticles are not cytotoxic even at high concentration and show no change in cell morphology and metabolic activity. Furthermore, we found that nanoparticle cell uptake reaches the maximum value c.a. 3 h after incubation. Cells were targeted by Pani-Nps and irradiated, resulting in significant elevation of intracellular ROS and heat production. One of the mechanisms of PANINps-mediated photothermal killing of cancer cells apparently involved oxidative stress resulting in apoptotic cell death.

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