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Transportation of crude oils has recently received more attention than in the past; the main reason for this is because of the changes that petroleum production has experienced. The increasing availability of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil and the depletion of the production of light crude oil have motivated the midstream oil sector to search for methods to reduce the viscosity to values that ensure the transportation of crude oils by pipeline. The target for viscosity varies according to the type of crude oil and the region where it is transported. In order to define and propose a range of viscosity, the different reports in the literature were reviewed and it was concluded that the maximum value of viscosity to allow crude oil transportation ranges between 250 and 400 cSt at 37.8 °C.

The objective of this paper is to compare the prediction capability of different correlations for calculating delayed coking yields. The evaluation was developed taking operation data reported in the literature into account for delayed coking commercial plants. The effects of pressure, feed type, and temperature on product yields were analyzed. Correlations that include the effect of operating conditions proved to be more accurate compared to those that consider only feed properties. From the calculation of yields, it is possible to conclude that an increase of 1 wt % of coke yield is obtained for each 1 wt % increase of the feed Conradson carbon residue (CCR) or for each 5 psig increase of the coke drum pressure and a reduction of 1 wt % of coke yield is achieved for each 15 °F increase of the coke drum temperature. The correlation developed by Volk et al. resulted to be the most accurate correlation to predict coke yields, while the most popular correlations (Gary-Handwerk and Maples) are the worst.

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