Selection of heavy oil upgrading technologies by proper estimation of petroleum prices

Techno-Economic Study of the Effect of Different Distillates and Crude Oil Diluents on the Transportation by Pipeline of Heavy Crude Oil

“…The HCO used in this work is a nonmarker commercial crude oil, the cost of which was determined based on a methodology reported by Muñoz et al Briefly, it consists of searching a benchmark crude oil with similar properties as the HCO and performing mass balances in an FCC-type refining scheme for a given processing capacity considering typical product yields in each refining process, whereby investment and operating costs for each plant are determined. The calculation of HCO cost is done by comparison of differential yields and investment and operating costs with the selected benchmark crude oil with the following equation O C = ∑ J = 1 n [ false( Y normalj normalc − Y normalj normalb normalc false) − R P normalj ] − ( O C normalc − O C b c ) − ( I C normalc − I C b c ) where OC is the HCO cost, Y jc is the yield of refined products j per barrel of HCO, Y jbc is the yield of refined products j per barrel of benchmark crude oil, RP j is the cost of refined products j on the Gulf Coast as of reference date, OC c is the operating cost of an FCC refining scheme with HCO, OC bc is the operating cost of an FCC refining scheme with benchmark crude oil, IC c is the investment cost of an FCC refining HCO, and IC bc is the investment cost of an FCC refining benchmark crude oil.…”

“…The true boiling point (TBP) distillation curves of the blends were calculated with the individual TBP curve of each blend component (HCO and diluent) and their relative volumetric amount using the Aspen-Hysys V12 simulator. From the resulting blend TBP curve, the composition of the different distillates was determined and used to calculate the cost of the final blend according to the methodology described elsewhere . The cost of the blends was calculated only for the cases where the maximum viscosity value of 300 cSt at 37.8 °C is achieved.…”

“…The HCO used in this work is a nonmarker commercial crude oil, the cost of which was determined based on a methodology reported by Munõz et al 18 Briefly, it consists of searching a benchmark crude oil with similar properties as the HCO and performing mass balances in an FCC-type refining scheme for a given processing capacity considering typical product yields in each refining process, whereby investment and operating costs for each plant are determined. The calculation of HCO cost is done by comparison of differential yields and investment and operating costs with the selected benchmark crude oil with the following equation…”

“…From the resulting blend TBP curve, the composition of the different distillates was determined and used to calculate the cost of the final blend according to the methodology described elsewhere. 18 The cost of the blends was calculated only for the cases where the maximum viscosity value of 300 cSt at 37.8 °C is achieved. Table 3 shows the compositions of such blends.…”

“…Finally, the cost of energy consumption per pump is determined with = C (KW)(CU) p (18) where C p is the pumping cost and CU is the unit cost of electrical energy.…”