This work revises existing solutions for a problem of target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), utilizing integrated measurements, namely received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AoA). The problem of RSS/AoA-based target localization became very popular in the research community recently, owing to its great applicability potential and relatively low implementation cost. Therefore, here, a comprehensive study of the state-of-the-art (SoA) solutions and their detailed analysis is presented. The beginning of this work starts by considering the SoA approaches based on convex relaxation techniques (more computationally complex in general), and it goes through other (less computationally complex) approaches, as well, such as the ones based on the generalized trust region sub-problems framework and linear least squares. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the computational complexity of each solution is reviewed. Furthermore, an extensive set of simulation results is presented. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized, and a set of future aspects and trends that might be interesting for future research in this area is identified.
Usually, packets involved in a collision are lost, requiring their retransmission. However, the signal associated to collisions has important information concerning the packets involved. In fact, with proper retransmissions we can efficiently resolve collisions.In this paper we propose a frequency-domain multipacket detection technique for SC-FDE schemes (Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization) that allows an efficient packet separation in the presence of successive collisions.This technique allows high throughputs, since the total number of transmissions is equal to the number of packets involved in the collision, even when the channel remains fixed for the retransmissions. Since we consider SC-FDE schemes and the complexity is concentrated in the receiver, this technique particularly appealing for the uplink of broadband wireless systems. 1
In this paper, we characterize the wireless interference of a mobile ad hoc network, where the nodes move according to the random waypoint model. The interferers are assumed to be located within an interference region that is defined as a circular region centered in a fixed node located at a given point of the mobility scenario. The main contribution of this paper is the characterization of the aggregate interference caused to the fixed node by mobile interferers located within the interference region. The distribution of the interference is analyzed taking into account the stochastic nature of the path loss due to the mobility of the nodes, as well as fast fading and shadowing effects. The derivation of the characteristic function of the aggregate interference is used in two different estimators, which successfully characterize the interference using only a small set of samples. The theoretical approach is validated through simulations, which confirm its effectiveness. Finally, we assess the accuracy of the proposed estimators, demonstrating the practical value of this paper.
In this paper, we consider a high-speed highway mobility scenario, where the available knowledge about the network's topology is used to improve the routing path duration. The improvement is mainly due to the use of a topology control algorithm, which increases the path duration by decreasing the probability of path breaks. For network regions having an enough density of vehicles, the packets are preferentially routed over the oldest links created by the vehicles moving in the same direction. For smaller values of vehicles' density, the routing preferentially uses the most recent links created in both moving directions. This choice is shown to increase the routing path duration.The topology control scheme here proposed can be easily integrated in the existing routing protocols: we describe how to integrate it in the Optimized Link-State Routing Protocol (OLSR).1 We compare the performance of our approach with other routing protocols for different values of vehicles' density. The comparison includes end-to-end path delay, path availability and path length (in number of hops). Finally, we evaluate the path duration achieved with our approach, concluding that it exhibits a significant improvement over the most relevant topology and position-based routing protocols.
KeywordsTopology control Routing protocols Vehicular ad hoc networks
Radio spectrum sensing (SS) has been an active topic of research over the past years due to its importance to cognitive radio (CR) systems. However, in CR networks (CRNs) with multiple primary users (PUs), the secondary users (SUs) can often detect PUs that are located outside the sensing range, due to the level of the aggregated interference caused by the PUs. This effect, known as spatial false alarm (SFA), degrades the performance of CRNs because it decreases the SUs' medium access probability. This paper characterizes the SFA effect in a CRN, identifying possible actions to attenuate it. Adopting energy-based sensing (EBS) in each SU, this paper starts to characterize the interference caused by multiple PUs located outside a desired sensing region. The interference formulation is then used to write the probabilities of detection and false alarm, and closed-form expressions are presented and validated through simulation. The first remark to be made is that the SFA can be neglected, depending on the path-loss factor and the number of samples collected by the energy detector to decide the spectrum's occupancy state. However, it is shown that by increasing the number of samples needed to increase the sensing accuracy, the SUs may degrade their throughput, namely, if SUs are equipped with a single radio that is sequentially used for sensing and transmission (split-phase operation). Assuming this scenario, this paper ends by providing a bound for the maximum throughput achieved in a CRN with multiple active PUs and for a given level of PUs' detection inside the SUs' sensing region. The results presented in this paper show the impact of path loss and EBS parameterization on SUs' throughput and are particularly useful to guide the design and parameterization of multihop CRNs, including future ad hoc CRNs considering multiple PUs.
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