Sarcopenia is an age-related condition. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia may increase due to a range of other factors, such as sleep quality/duration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults based on their self-reported sleep duration. Methods: Three electronic databases were used—PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We included studies that measured the prevalence of sarcopenia, divided according to sleep quality and excluded studies (a) involving populations with neuromuscular pathologies, (b) not showing prevalence values (cases/control) on sarcopenia, and (c) not including classificatory models to determine sleep quality. Results: high prevalence values in older adults with both long and short sleep duration were shown. However, prevalence values were higher in those with inadequate sleep (<6–8 h or low efficiency) (OR 0.76; 95% CI (0.70–0.83); Q = 1.446; p = 0.695; test for overall effect, Z = 6.01, p < 0.00001). Likewise, higher prevalence levels were shown in men (OR 1.61; 95% CI (0.82–3.16); Q = 11.80; p = 0.0189) compared to women (OR 0.77; 95% CI (0.29–2.03); Q = 21.35; p = 0.0003). Therefore, the prevalence of sarcopenia appears to be associated with sleep quality, with higher prevalence values in older adults who have inadequate sleep.

Muscle architecture and neuromuscular changes after high-resistance circuit training in hypoxia. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3035-3040, 2021-This study aimed to analyze the effect of 8 weeks of high-resistance circuit (HRC) training in hypoxia on muscle architecture, strength, and neuromuscular variables. Twenty-eight resistance-trained subjects were assigned to a hypoxia (FiO 2 5 15%; HG: n 5 15; age: 24.6 6 6.8 years; height: 177.4 6 5.9 cm; and mass: 74.9 6 11.5 kg) or normoxia group (FiO 2 5 20.9%; NG: n 5 13; age: 23.2 6 5.2 years; height: 173.4 6 6.2 cm; and mass: 69.4 6 7.4 kg). Each training session consisted of 2 blocks of 3 exercises (block 1: bench press, leg extension, and front lat pulldown; block 2: deadlift, elbow flexion, and ankle extension). Each exercise was performed with a 6 repetition maximum load. Subjects exercised twice weekly and, before and after the training program, vastus lateralis muscle thickness and pennation angle, knee extensors electromyographic activity, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and rate of force development (RFD) and H-Reflex (Hmax), M-wave of the soleus muscle were assessed. Both training groups showed similar improvements in muscle thickness (effect size [ES] 5 HG: 0.23; NG: 0.41), pennation angle (ES 5 HG: 0.86; NG: 0.15), MVC (ES HG: 0.63; NG: 0.61), Hmax (ES 5 HG: 0.96; NG: 0.40), RFD at 200 milliseconds (ES 5 HG: 0.31; NG: 0.61) and peak RFD (ES 5 HG: 0.21; NG: 0.66). No significant between-group differences were found. In conclusion, similar morphological and neuromuscular adaptations can be achieved after 8 weeks of HRC training under hypoxic or normoxic conditions.

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