Benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture include reduced fertilizer loss, improved seed germination rate and increased crops quality and yield. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), at 1500 ppm, on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth. ZnO-NPs were synthetized to produce either spherical or hexagonal morphologies. In this research, we also studied two application methods (foliar and drench) and nanoparticles’ (NPs) surface modification with maltodextrin. The results obtained indicate that ZnO-NP-treated tomato plants significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and plant organs (leaves, stem and root) dry weight compared to plants without NP treatment.
ResumenEl tomate de cáscara Physalis ixocarpa Brot. es una de las especies hortícolas más importantes en México, el número limitado de híbridos y variedades mejoradas de alto rendimiento, demanda la búsqueda de genotipos con alta aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) y aptitud combinatoria especifica (ACE) para el desarrollo de variedades o híbridos superiores. El objetivo fue estimar la ACG y ACE en las poblaciones UAN CC-S2, UAN CPP-S2, UAN SE3 y la variedad Rendidora, seis cruzas directas y seis reciprocas, de acuerdo al método i modelo 2 de Griffing. Los cruzamientos fueron realizados en el otoño de 2012 y la evaluación de progenitores e híbridos en la primavera-verano de 2013, en las localidades de Saltillo y General Cepeda Coahuila, bajo un arreglo experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. El análisis estadístico combinado permitió identificar diferencias significativas en cruzas, ACG, ACE, efectos maternos (EM) y efectos recíprocos (ER), en el rendimiento y sus componentes, se identificó a las poblaciones UAN CPP-S2 y UAN SE3 con altos valores de ACG. Las tres cruzas sobresalientes fueron; UAN CC-S2 x Rendidora (26.25 t ha -1 ) y ACG (-5.718)< ACE (6.925) por lo tanto se recomienda usarla como híbrido, mientras que UAN CPP-S2 x UAN SE3 (36.52 t ha -1 ) tuvo ACG (5.718) ≈ ACE (5.457) y se sugiere su uso como población base para AbstractHusk tomato Physalis ixocarpa Brot, is one of the most important horticultural species in Mexico, the limited number of hybrids and improved high-yielding varieties, demands the search of genotypes with high general combinatory aptitude (ACG) and specific combinatory aptitude (ACE) for the development of varieties or better hybrids. The objective was to estimate the ACG and ACE in UAN CC-S2, UAN CPP-S2, UAN SE3 populations and Rendidora variety; six direct crosses and six reciprocal, according to the i method Model 2 from Griffing. The crosses were conducted in fall 2012 and the evaluation of parents and hybrids during spring-summer 2013, in the towns of Saltillo and General Cepeda Coahuila, under an experimental arrangement randomized blocks with three replications. The combined statistical analysis allowed identifying significant differences in crosses, ACG, ACE, maternal effects (EM) and reciprocal effects (ER), in yield and yield components, populations UAN CPP-S2 and UAN SE3 were identified with high values of ACG. The three crosses were outstanding; UAN CC-S2 IntroducciónEn México, el tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) es de gran importancia, ya que es el sexto cultivo en superficie sembrada entre las hortalizas (SIAP, 2012). Se distribuye en todos los estados de la República Mexicana, desde los 10 hasta 2 600 msnm, creciendo en forma silvestre, cultivada y domesticada, su amplia distribución geográfica, ocasiona que exista amplia diversidad fenotípica y genética (formas, color, tamaño y tolerancia a factores adversos) lo que puede ser útil en los programas de mejoramiento genético (Peña y Márquez, 1990).Actualmente el rendimiento medio es de 14.362...
Foliar sprays of Ca (300, 400, and 500 mg L-1), B (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mg L-1), Mo (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg L-1), Ca + B (400 + 0.5 mg L-1), Ca + Mo (400 + 0.4 mg L-1), B + Mo (0.5 + 0.4 mg L-1) and Ca + B + Mo (400 + 0.5 + 0.4 mg L-1), were applied to improve the quality of poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cv. ‘Supjibi Red’. Treatments were applied three times at: beginning, middle, and end of the short photoperiod. Calcium at 400 mg L-1 increased significantly plant height by 15.3 %. Leaf chlorophyll concentration decreased by 25 % when bract pigmentation initiated. Treatments did not affect the leaf chlorophyll contents. Calcium (300 mg) and B (0.8 mg) increased the number of transitional bracts (5.7 and 5.6, respectively) compared to 0.4 mg L-1 Mo treatment; while B (0.5 mg) increased the total number of colored bracts per shoot (8.36) compared to the rest of the treatments. Total chlorophyll concentration decreased by 95 % in transitional bracts, carotenoids decreased 89 % and anthocyanins increased considerably (from 21.4 to 296.7 mg g-1). Foliar applications of calcium improved poinsettia plant height and the Ca plus B combination accelerated bract pigmentation.
El cilantro es una especie ampliamente aceptada debido a usos culinarios y propiedades medicinales. Este podría desarrollarse en ambiente controlado con iluminación LED y permitiría tener una producción continua, con un aumento exponencial de rendimiento y estar libre de plagas y enfermedades. Hay poca investigación sobre la respuesta del cilantro en tales condiciones. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el efecto de cinco proporciones de luz LED azul:roja sobre parámetros de crecimiento en planta, concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos y nutrimental en la parte aérea de cilantro ‘Gladiador’ bajo condiciones controladas de crecimiento. Los resultados se ajustaron a una regresión polinomial de tercer grado. Una proporción de luz azul (A) y roja (R) de A37.7 %:R62.3 % promovió los parámetros de crecimiento y concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, mientras que una proporción de luz azul y roja de A57.7 %:R42.3 % promovió la concentración nutrimental en la parte aérea de cilantro. Lo anterior permite deducir que para una posible producción comercial de cilantro, en condiciones de ambiente controlado, la mejor proporción de luz azul y roja es de A37.7 %:R62.3 % ya que se promueve el crecimiento y por lo tanto el rendimiento comercial.
Pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust has been used as a growing medium for the cultivation of vegetables and ornamentals. In the present work the objective was to assess the immobilization or retention of N, P, K, and Ca in pine sawdust as the main substrate component by applying Steiner nutrient solution at different concentrations (20, 30 and 40 meq L-1). We used uncomposted sawdust, alone or in mixtures (70/30, v/v) with volcanic tuff of different particle sizes (fine ≤ 3 mm, medium 3-6 mm, and coarse 6-12 mm). For two months, leachate was collected daily, and every 10 days, the average concentrations of N, P, K, and Ca, as well as pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The effect of the interaction substrate × nutrient solution concentration on N, P, K and Ca in the leached water was observed. These nutrients increased in concentration in the leachate water in accord with the nutrient solution concentration and as the diameter of volcanic tuff particles diminished. Irrigation with 20 meq L-1 (2 dS m-1) concentration of nutrient solution reduced the concentration of N, P, K, and Ca in leached water below its concentration in the supplied nutrient solution, while irrigation with 30 or 40 meq L-1 (2 or 4 dS m-1) resulted in similar concentration in leached water up to 20 or 30 dat, but at 40 dat, concentration of these nutrients in the leached water was higher. Immobilization of N and P, K, and Ca retention in the sawdust substrate occurred during the first 40 ddt, related to an increase in pH (up to 8.6), a decrease in EC (until 0.5 dS m-1) and low concentrations of N, P, K, and Ca in the leached water.
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