The Northern Region Young Persons’ Malignant Disease Registry records information on young people under 25 years old diagnosed with cancer in the Northern Region of England. Incidence and survival rates were calculated for children and young adults diagnosed with cancer between 1968 and 1995. There were 2099 (M:F 1.28:1) children (age 0–14 years) and 2217 (M:F 1.23:1) young adults (15–24 years) diagnosed with a first cancer between 1968 and 1995. The age-standardized rate (ASR) for childhood cancer was 121 per million 0 to 14 year-olds per year. For young adults the ASR was 175 per million 15 to 24 year-olds, per year. Incidence of childhood cancer increased over time at a rate of 12 extra cases per million children, per decade ( P < 0.001). In young adults incidence rates increased by 16 extra cases per million 15 to 24 year-olds, per decade ( P < 0.001). For childhood cancer 5-year survival was 42% for those diagnosed 1968–1977, 57% for 1978–1987 and 71% (95% CI 67–75) for 1988–1995. Survival for young adults over the three periods was 45%, 62% and 73% (95% CI 70–78) respectively. The cumulative risk of developing cancer before the age of 25 is 1 in 285. Over the 28-year period there were significant improvements in survival and modest increases in incidence in both children and young adults. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

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Objetivos. Describir los hallazgos de un año de la vigilancia epidemiológica de diabetes mellitus en hospitales piloto pertenecientes al sistema de vigilancia de diabetes (VD). Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal que incluyó a los pacientes diabéticos notificados durante el 2012 en 18 hospitales piloto del Perú. Se revisó la base de datos de la VD, obteniéndose variables epidemiológicas y de laboratorio como edad, sexo, tipo de diabetes, complicaciones, comorbilidad, microalbuminuria, glucosa en ayunas y hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) al momento de captación por la VD y en el último control. Resultados. Se encontraron 2959 casos. Al momento de captación por la VD, 91,2% contaba con glicemia en ayunas de los cuales, 65,4% presentaba valor ≥ 130 mg/dL. El 8,9% contaba con estudio de microalbuminuria, el 20,5% de ellos presentaba microalbuminuria y el 6,5% proteinuria. En total, 1025 pacientes tuvieron consulta de control; 93,1% contaba con glicemia en ayunas y 22,3% con HbA1c. El 63,5% tenía glicemia en ayunas ≥ 130 mg/dL y 73,4% HbA1c ≥ 7,0%. La complicación más frecuente fue la neuropatía (21,4%) y la comorbilidad más frecuente la hipertensión arterial (10,5%). Se observó casos de tuberculosis y cáncer, de los cánceres, el más frecuente fue el de mama, principalmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Conclusiones. La VD muestra que en los diabéticos de los hospitales piloto en los que se cuenta con resultados de laboratorio existe una alta frecuencia control glicémico inadecuado y pobre adherencia al tratamiento. La alta frecuencia de complicaciones encontrada evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer el diagnóstico temprano.

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Diabetes is a principal and growing health concern in Latin America, accounting for significant mortality and morbidities. Large, randomized, prospective trials of various interventional therapies in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated that reductions in hyperglycaemia and management of diabetes-related risk factors can significantly reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Therefore, patients with type 2 diabetes will benefit from more aggressive treatment regimens to help decrease the occurrence and rate of progression of diabetic complications. Given the many complexities of diabetes management, it is often difficult for general practice physicians to stay abreast of emerging treatment strategies and therapies. Owing to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Latin America, the majority of patients with diabetes are treated by generalists rather than specialists. This article was intended to assist physicians and other healthcare professionals in developing and using effective treatment strategies to stem the growing epidemic of diabetes and its complications in Latin America.