Summary The infant boy of a Swedish woman with the haemoglobin variant Hb Uppsala, was studied during his first six months of life. In cord blood, two major haemoglobin fractions were seen at electrophoresis. One behaved like normal foetal haemoglobin and the other migrated faster than Hb A but slower than Hb Uppsala. When the boy was three months old, this unknown fraction had disappeared and Hb Uppsala was found. Since the abnormality of Hb Uppsala is known to be located in the α‐chain, the unknown fraction was considered to be the foetal type of Hb Uppsala.
Background To explore levels of inflammatory proteins (including cytokines) in plasma samples from children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their relation to the degree of inflammation and pain. Methods A total of 69 plasma samples were collected from 51 children with JIA (51 at diagnosis in a higher disease activity state, 18 at follow-up in a lower disease activity state) and 18 healthy controls. Relative levels of 92 proteins related to a wide range of biological processes in inflammation were obtained using a proximity extension assay panel. Comparisons between children with and without JIA, in different JIA disease states, by juvenile disease activity score (JADAS 27), and by degree of pain on visual analogue scale (VAS), were performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Results Nineteen proteins involved in arthritic inflammation, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein A12 (S100A12), were higher in patients with JIA than controls, seven decreased significantly during treatment, and 18 correlated significantly with JADAS27 score. Three proteins correlated with pain VAS scores in unadjusted analyses: the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and IL-18R1. Levels of GDNF correlated significantly with pain VAS scores but not with JADAS 27. Conclusions Plasma levels of 18 of 92 tested proteins correlated with degree of disease activity. Levels of GDNF originating from neural cells correlated with pain without correlating to inflammatory degree, suggesting that it may play a role in pain in JIA. Further studies in larger cohorts are warranted.
Background Our aim was attempting to find proteins involved in the pain process and correlating with pain but not degree of inflammation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), using a proteomics panel. Methods A total of 87 plasma samples were collected from 51 children with JIA (51 at diagnosis in a higher disease activity state, 18 at follow-up in a lower disease activity state) and 18 healthy controls. Relative levels of 92 proteins related to a wide range of biological processes in inflammation were obtained using a proximity extension assay panel. Comparisons between children with and without JIA, in different disease categories, by juvenile disease activity score (JADAS27) and degree of pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS), were performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Results Nineteen proteins involved in arthritic inflammation, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein A12, were higher in patients with JIA than controls, seven decreased significantly during treatment, and 18 correlated significantly with JADAS27. Three proteins correlated with pain VAS scores in unadjusted analyses: the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transforming growth factor beta, and IL-18R1. Levels of GDNF correlated significantly with pain VAS scores but not with JADAS27. Conclusions Plasma levels of 18 of 92 tested proteins correlated with degree of disease activity. Levels of three proteins correlated with pain, and levels of one, GDNF, originating from neural cells, correlated with pain without correlating with inflammatory degree, suggesting that it may play a role in pain in JIA. Further studies in larger cohorts are warranted.
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