RESUMOAvaliaram-se os resultados de exames citológicos realizados em seis anos e determinou-se o tipo de distúrbio (inflamatório, infeccioso, proliferativo) mais comum. Aspectos epidemiológicos, como espécie, raça, sexo e idade, foram levados em consideração. Foram realizadas 270 avaliações citológicas e destas a prevalência foi de neoplasmas (53%). A espécie canina foi a mais ocorrente, com 92% dos casos. As fêmeas somaram 53% do total. A idade variou de um a 17 anos, sendo o intervalo de seis a 10 anos mais ocorrente (40% dos casos). As neoplasias de células redondas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas das neoformações mamárias.Palavras-chaves: pequenos animais domésticos, citologia aspirativa, neoplasma ABSTRACTThe cytological exam is a practical diagnostic aplication which allows the detection of inflammatory, proliferative and infectious disturbances. In the present study, the results of cytological exams during six years were evaluated, determining the most common type of disorder (inflammatory, infectious, proliferative). Epidemiological aspects such as species, breed, sex and age were taken into account. 270 reviews were evaluated and the prevalence was neoplasms (53%). The canine specie was the most observed, with 92% of cases. Females totaled 53%. The age ranged from one to 17 years and the interval of six to 10 years was most observed (40% of cases). The round cell neoplasms were the most prevalent, followed by breast neoformations.

Background: Canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) can be stored under refrigeration for several days; however, cellular metabolism remains active inside the units, thus producing substances that affect their quality. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variable alterations that occur in canine pRBCs during storage, and their effects on recipient clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 15 pRBC units containing CPDA-1 were stored for 28 days; samples were collected weekly from the units of days 0 to 28 to measure the packed cell volume (PCV), pH, partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO 2), partial pressure oxygen (PO 2), concentrations of lactate and potassium, and the percent hemolysis. In phase II, another 22 canine pRBC units stored for different time periods (maximum of 21 days) were transfused, and the recipients were evaluated before and after transfusion for changes in clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, and rectal temperature) and hematologic variables (PCV, lactate and potassium concentrations, pH, PCO 2 , the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen [PO 2 /FiO 2 ] ratio, oxygen saturation [SaO 2 ], base excess, and bicarbonate [HCO 3 ]). Results: In the pRBC units, the PCV increased from 70% to 78.33%, the lactate concentration increased 627%, the potassium concentration increased 183%, the percent hemolysis reached 0.69%, and the pH decreased 9% after 28 days. However, the dogs who received transfusions were not negatively affected. There was a significant increase in PCVs, and a significant decrease in heart rates. Conclusion: Canine pRBCs undergo hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations during storage; however, the transfusion of pRBCs stored for up to 21 days increased PCVs without causing harm to the dogs.

Triple-negative tumors are characterized immunohistochemically by the absence of positivity to sex hormone receptors and to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Additionally, they are differentiated into basal-like and non-basal (or null) subtypes, based on the presence of basal cytokeratin expression (CK5/6, 14, and17). Triple-negative subtypes are yet to be characterized in male dogs, to our knowledge. We report herein the clinical and pathologic findings and molecular characterization of carcinoma in the mammary glands of 2 male dogs. Case 1 was diagnosed as a grade II tubulopapillary carcinoma; case 2 was diagnosed as a grade II carcinoma in a mixed tumor. The tumors were characterized phenotypically as triple-negative basal and triple-negative non-basal, respectively.

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The shortage of blood donor dogs in veterinary emergencies can lead to blood transfusions between animals whose blood type has not been identified. The antibody profile serves as a warning sign for animals that require a second blood transfusion, which is only advisable from compatible donor dogs. This article focuses on the determination of anti-DEA 1 antibodies using the flow cytometry technique in dogs that have undergone a transfusion using DEA 1-positive blood, compared to results obtained from crossmatching. Blood from 18 DEA 1-positive donors ranked according to the chromatographic technique was used to transfuse thirty-three animals with unknown blood types and which demonstrated negative crossmatching to donors. On post-transfusion days 7, 14, 21 and 28, 45% and 27% of the animals tested positive for the anti-DEA 1 antibody, through crossmatching and flow cytometry, respectively. Detecting antibodies using the flow cytometric technique has high specificity and sensitivity, while crossmatching methods are highly sensitive but manifest low specificity. Following the blood transfusion, animals that did not present as positive through crossmatching or flow cytometry were considered different from all other DEA 1-positive blood groups.A escassez de cães doadores de sangue em situações de emergência na Medicina Veterinária pode levar à realização de transfusões de sangue entre animais que não tiveram seu tipo sanguíneo previamente determinado. O padrão de anticorpos serve como um sinal de alerta para animais que serão submetidos a uma segunda transfusão sanguínea, sendo esta recomendável somente se o sangue for proveniente de cães doadores compatíveis. Este artigo aborda a determinação de anticorpos anti-AEC 1 pela técnica de citometria de fluxo em cães que receberam uma transfusão utilizando sangue do grupo AEC 1 positivo, comparando-se os resultados com aqueles obtidos a partir de reação cruzada. Foi utilizado o sangue de 18 animais doadores do tipo AEC 1 positivo classificados por técnica cromatográfica, a fim de transfundir trinta e três animais com tipos sanguíneos desconhecidos e que demonstraram reação cruzada negativa aos doadores. Nos dias 7, 14, 21 e 28 pós-transfusão, 45% e 27% dos animais mostraramse positivos para os anticorpos anti-AEC 1, respectivamente, pela reação cruzada e através de citometria de fluxo. A pesquisa de anticorpos com o emprego da técnica de citometria de fluxo tem alta especificidade e sensibilidade, enquanto a reação cruzada, altamente sensível, tem baixa especificidade. Animais que não apresentaram positividade após a transfusão de sangue na reação cruzada e na citometria de fluxo foram considerados como pertencentes a grupos sanguíneos diferentes do AEC 1 positivo. Palavras-chave: Isoanticorpos. Anticorpos caninos. AEC 1. Transfusão sanguínea em cães.

RESUMO O seminoma é uma neoformação testicular originária de células germinativas de ocorrência comum em cães, com maior prevalência em animais senis. Em geral, o comportamento biológico do seminoma canino é benigno. Relata-se neste trabalho um caso de seminoma com metástase em região orbital em um cão com 14 anos de idade. O animal foi atendido com queixa de aumento de volume em órbita esquerda, com posterior detecção de nódulo testicular. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina da massa orbital sugeriu tratar-se de linfoma de alto grau, contudo o diagnóstico definitivo de seminoma difuso foi estabelecido pela avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou tratar-se de neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada, sendo o diagnóstico de seminoma difuso confirmado pelo exame imunoistoquímico. Relatos de seminomas metastáticos em cães são incomuns. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de seminoma anaplásico difuso em cão cujo foco principal de metástase ocorreu em região orbital, além de descrever e discutir as dificuldades diagnósticas encontradas.

Pathological mineralization is the abnormal deposition of minerals in body tissues, previously injured or not. In these lesions, in addition to calcium, other minerals can be found at lower concentrations. Classically, mineralization is divided into two types: dystrophic and metastatic. However, currently, there is no consensus among researchers on the type of mineralization that occurs in uremic dogs. The objective of this study was to elucidate the type of pathological mineralization that occurs in dogs with uremic syndrome through the correlation of biochemical examinations with gross and histopathological changes, given the existence of controversial information on this theme in the specialized literature. The Shapiro-Wilk, D’Agostino and Pearson tests were used to evaluate data normality distribution, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the data between more than two groups. Additionally, the Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used in the comparison between the Control Group (CG) and the Experimental Groups (G1, G2, and G3). Serum levels of urea, creatinine, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product (CPP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin of 40 azotemic dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were evaluated. Dogs were categorized by degree of azotemia (mild, moderate, and severe). Ionized hypocalcemia was observed in 97.5% (39/40) of the dogs, and no animals presented ionized hypercalcemia. Hyperphosphatemia was frequent (62.5%), especially in dogs with severe azotemia. PTH concentration increased with progression of azotemia, and high PTH levels were verified in 100% of the dogs with severe azotemia. CPP >60mg2/dl2 was observed in 75% (30/40) of the dogs. Of the 29 dogs that died during the study period, 16 were necropsied. Soft tissue mineralization was observed in 93.7% (15/16) of these dogs at gross and histopathological evaluation (HE and Von Kossa), regardless of the degree of azotemia, in nine organs/tissues: kidneys (75%), lungs (50%), stomach (31.2%), heart (25%), larynx (25%), intercostal muscles (25%), aorta (6.2%), intestines (6.2%), and tongue (6.2%). In one animal, the serosa of all segments of the small intestine showed whitish, rough, irregular, multifocal plaques of varying sizes, confirmed by histopathology as dystrophic mineralization of the longitudinal outer muscular layer, which presented necrosis of coagulation and of the intestinal serosa. This intestinal lesion has not been described in dogs with uremic syndrome to date. In conclusion, the laboratory and histopathologic data previously described, especially regarding tissue and vascular mineralization, which occur in association with previous degenerative/necrotic lesions in the absence of hypercalcemia in dogs with CKD, assist with clarifying inconsistencies found in the existing literature. Therefore, conceptually, mineralization that occurs in uremic dogs should be considered dystrophic.

When administered epidurally, morphine alone or in combination with neostigmine provided effective postoperative analgesia in most dogs after orthopedic surgery, whereas neostigmine alone did not. Findings for this study suggested a potential role for neostigmine as an adjuvant for epidural analgesia in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgeries on the pelvic limbs.