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The contact angle is one of the most sensitive experimental values describing a junction between three phases, being influenced by the composition and properties of contacting media as well as the structure and composition of interfaces involved. The origins and importance of the contact angle in analysis of three-phase systems date back to the famous works on cohesion and adhesion of fluids published by Thomas Young in 1805 and later by Athanase Dupré in 1869. Since then, the contact angle has remained one of the most important values measured experimentally during characterization of solids and their wetting characteristics. Such measurements, however, involve solid surfaces that deviate from the idealized ones used in thermodynamic and mechanical modeling of three-phase junctions by Young, Dupré and others, and there is typically more than one value of contact angle measured on such surfaces. As a result, the attention of scientists and researchers in the past two centuries has been on development of methods for accurate contact angle measurements, interpretation of experimental values and understanding of the causes of contact angle value variation and contact angle hysteresis. This paper reviews advancements made in interpretation of experimental contact angles and their use in characterization of solid surfaces.

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A thin-layer wicking technique (Giese, R. F.; Costanzo, P. M.; van Oss, C. J. Phys. Chem. Miner. 1991, 17,611) and van Oss et al.'s approach to interfacial free energy interactions were applied for determination of the (r-Al2O3 surface free energy components. For this purpose the penetration rates of n-alkanes, diiodomethane, water, and formamide were measured. The determined values are apolar component yeLW = 43.7 mJ/m2, electron acceptor component ys+ = 0.004 mJ/m2, and electron donor component ys-= 80.5 mJ/m2. It appeared that ru-Al203 is practically a monopolar solid with strong electron donor interactions due to hydrogen bonding.

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