Iron deficiency alters metabolism, neurotransmission, glial integrity and the cortical myelin layer, besides increasing myelinization time. Environmental stimulation (handling) improves morphological, biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral aspects of both well-nourished and malnourished animals. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of an irondeficient diet and of handling on the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) of rats during development. Ninety-six male rats were divided since birth into Well-nourished (W, 35 mg iron/kg) and Anemic (A, 4 mg iron/kg) groups, and subdivided into Handling (H) and No Handling (NH). Body weight, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), latencies of waves I, II, III IV, I-IV interpeak interval, and response threshold to auditory stimuli were evaluated at 18, 22, and 32 days. W animals presented higher Hb and Ht levels than A animals at 18, 22 and 32 days. The animals presented longer latencies of waves I, II, III and IV and I-IV interpeak interval of BAEP at 18 than at 22 and 32 days, and AH18 rats presented longer latencies of waves I and II than AH22 and AH32 rats, and longer wave I latency than WH18 animals. Iron deficiency increased the latencies of BAEP waves, suggesting damage to the myelin layer, especially during the early development, and the effects of handling were more evident along time in anemic animals.
Two animal models of pain were used to study the effects of short-term protein malnutrition and environmental stimulation on the response threshold to aversive stimuli. Eighty male Wistar rats were used. Half of the pups were submitted to malnutrition by feeding their mothers a 6% protein diet from 0 to 21 days of age while the mothers of the other half (controls) were well nourished, receiving 16% protein. From 22 to 70 days all rats were fed commercial lab chow. Half of the animals in the malnourished and control groups were maintained under stimulating conditions, including a 3-min daily handling from 0 to 70 days and an enriched living cage after weaning. The other half was reared in a standard living cage. At 70 days, independent groups of rats were exposed to the shock threshold or to the tail-flick test. The results showed lower body and brain weights in malnourished rats when compared with controls at weaning and testing. In the shock threshold test the malnourished animals were more sensitive to electric shock and environmental stimulation increased the shock threshold. No differences due to diet or environmental stimulation were found in the tail- flick procedure. These results demonstrate that protein malnutrition imposed only during the lactation period is efficient in inducing hyperreactivity to electric shock and that environmental stimulation attenuates the differences in shock threshold produced by protein malnutrition. Keywords: early protein malnutrition, enriched environment, shock threshold test, tail-flick test.
Pesquisas e abordagens educativas em ciências da saúde -Volume I está licenciado sob CC BY 4.0.Esta licença exige que as reutilizações deem crédito ao criador. Ele permite que os reutilizadores distribuam, remixem, adaptem e construam o material em qualquer meio ou formato, mesmo para fins comerciais. O conteúdo da obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, não representando a posição oficial da Editora Amplla. É permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores. Todos os direitos para esta edição foram cedidos à Editora Amplla.
Este estudo de caso único (díade mãe-bebê), baseado no modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner, objetivou investigar indicadores de saúde mental materna e o apoio social recebido durante a gravidez e o pós-parto, avaliando as influências e repercussões dessas variáveis sobre o desenvolvimento durante os dois primeiros anos de vida do bebê. A mãe foi submetida a entrevistas clínicas e a avaliações da saúde mental utilizando o Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), a Escala de depressão pós-natal de Edinburgh (EPDS) e o Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (M.I.N.I) durante quatro pontos de seguimento: três na gestação e um no pós-parto. O bebê completou três avaliações com as escalas Bayley do Desenvovlvimento Infantil (BSID III) realizadas durante o primeiro e o segundo anos de vida. Verificou-se que a mãe apresentou sintomas depressivos durante o primeiro trimestre gestacional e quarenta e cinco dias após o parto. Traços de ansiedade na mãe e frágil apoio social foram encontrados durante todos os trimestres da gestação e no puerpério. Este estudo evidenciou que a criança exposta à depressão materna e a uma rede de apoio social frágil desde o início da vida, está mais vulnerável a fatores de risco que prejudicam o desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: relacionamento mãe-bebê; saúde mental materna; desenvolvimento infantil.
Adolescence is a period of innumerable changes that happen quickly and brief. In this period, changes in psychological and social aspects require diverse confrontations, which can be followed in places where adolescents live, such as school. The psychological on duty is an intervention strategy for health promotion, offered to individuals in their emergencies. The objective of this study was to share the experience of cartography in the psychological field in the school context, offered to adolescents in the schizoanalytic/transdisciplinary approach. We used the cartographic method to follow the process of adolescence in its singularities. We inhabit the school territory by building the therapeutic setting in the school spaces, with two chairs and a sign written: "I'm here to talk to you." The appointments were in groups or individual. An on-board diary was written to tell the experiences and affections in the meetings. The narratives revealed difficulties that went beyond academic questions, and others experienced in the choices and the social environment. They allowed us to identify ways of coping with the demands of adolescence, as well as extreme attitudes of helplessness such as self-mutilation and suicide attempts. Our experience has led us to reflect on ethics and care in adolescence.
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