During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved. We established an inducible system to introduce MyD88 to lymphoma cell lines and performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes differentially expressed by MyD88 bearing the L265P oncogenic mutation. We show that MyD88L265P activates NF-κB signaling and upregulates genes that might contribute to lymphomagenesis, including CD44, LGALS3 (coding Galectin-3), NFKBIZ (coding IkBƺ), and BATF. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 can serve as a marker of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and that CD44 expression is correlated with overall survival in DLBCL patients. Our results shed new light on the downstream outcomes of MyD88L265P oncogenic signaling that might be involved in cellular transformation and provide novel therapeutical targets.
This article presents the results of a laboratory-scale research focused on the use of alternative coagulants in water treatment. Attention was particularly paid to natural cation coagulants derived from Moringa oleifera seeds and chitin. These two coagulant agents were used in laboratory research for treating real raw water. Several series of laboratory jar tests were performed to identify the effectiveness of the selected coagulants in removing turbidity from water. The results of the experiments show that the efficiency of the process using natural polymers is not as high as that of conventional chemical reagents. A turbidity reduction efficiency of 80-82% was achieved, which is not as impressive as aluminum sulphate. However, it is a certain alternative in cases of secondary product formation (residual Fe and Al) and associated problems. Here it is possible to use a combination of natural and conventional reagents.
Background:Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) serves as a crucial signaling adaptor protein during innate immune responses, integrating stimuli from the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translating them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations of MyD88 induce oncogenic NFκ B signaling independently of receptor stimulation, resulting in the onset of B-cell malignancies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved.
This article discusses the possibilities of using natural polymers in the water treatment process to replace conventional chemical-based reagents. Mainly part of article presented the results of a laboratory-scale research focused on the use of alternative coagulants in water treatment. Attention was particularly paid to natural cation coagulants derived from Moringa oleifera seeds and chitin. These two coagulant agents were used in laboratory research for treating real raw water. Several series of laboratory jar tests were performed to identify the effectiveness of the selected coagulants in removing turbidity from water.
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