Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co‐occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.
A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical do mundo e pelo menos 147 espécies de morcegos ocorrem neste ambiente. A despeito desta grande riqueza, a diversidade de morcegos da Amazônia é pobremente conhecida e existem grandes lacunas neste conhecimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever a assembleia de morcegos ocorrentes na região do Médio Teles Pires (MTP), no sul da Amazônia. Além disso, avaliou-se a similaridade dessa assembleia em relação a 14 assembleias estudadas em outras localidades amazônicas e avaliou-se a correlação entre as similaridades destas localidades e suas distâncias. Trinta e três espécies de morcegos foram registradas, representando 71% das espécies estimadas (Jackknife2). As três espécies com maior abundância relativa foram: Carollia perspicillata, Pteronotus parnellii e Phyllostomus hastatus que somadas contam com mais de 50% das capturas. O grupo funcional dos frugívoros obteve o maior número de espécies capturadas. Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre as distâncias e as similaridades das assembleias de morcegos amazônicos (r = -0,22; p = 0,014). A distância geográfica pode explicar apenas 6% da similaridade entre as assembleias analisadas, ainda assim, as similaridades destas assembleias permitem que as mesmas sejam agrupadas por suas distâncias geográficas. Além disso, a fauna de morcegos do MTP é diferenciada de outras áreas da Amazônia o que lhe confere um papel especial na conservação dos morcegos amazônicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Chiroptera, Inventário de fauna, Assembleias, Biodiversidade. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Middle Teles Pires River region, Southern Amazonia, Brazil ABSTRACTAmazonia is the largest tropical rainforest in the world and at least 147 bat species occur in this environment. Despite its richness, the diversity of bat fauna is poorly known for this region and there are large gaps in its knowledge. This study aims to describe the bat assemblage of the Middle Teles Pires River (MTP) region, southern Amazonia. Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity of this assemblage in relation to 14 assemblages studied in other Amazonian localities, and correlations were found between the similarity values among the sites and their geographic distances. Thirty-three bat species were recorded, accounting for 71% of the estimated species richness (Jackknife2). The three species that had the higher relative abundance values were Carollia perspicillata, Pteronotus parnellii and Phyllostomus hastatus, which together accounted for more than 50% of the captures. The frugivore functional group had the highest number of recorded species. A negative correlation was found between the geographic distances and the similarities among the Amazonian bat assemblages (r = -0.22; p = 0.014). Geographic distance could explain only 6% of the similarities among the analyzed assemblages, even though, the similarity found allowed them to be grouped by their distances. Besides, the MTP bat fauna is different from other Amazonian areas, which gives it a special role in the Amazonian ba...
ResumoO uso do espaço pelo gênero Callithrix pode ser relacionado a diferentes fatores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as influências de diferentes fatores sobre o uso do espaço em C. penicillata introduzidos em um fragmento urbano. Foram monitorados dois grupos, denominados GL e GG, em duas fases de seis meses no Parque Ecológico do Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC. Ambos os grupos eram compostos por oito indivíduos ao início do estudo. Ao longo da Fase I ocorreram desaparecimentos de indivíduos em GL e nascimentos em GG, alterando as composições para cinco e 11 indivíduos, respectivamente. Na Fase II, GL deslocou-se para uma área pouco acessível impossibilitando a realização de observações suficientes. Em GG desapareceram três indivíduos e nasceram outros dois. Comportamentos agonísticos intergrupais foram registrados em todos os meses da Fase I, enquanto na Fase II houve uma abrupta redução. Ocorreram sobreposições das áreas de vida em toda Fase I. Entre a Fase I e II, GL afastou-se da sobreposição e GG ocupou espaços de GL. Tais mudanças parecem associadas ao aumento de indivíduos em GG e sua necessidade em acessar recursos alimentares. As dinâmicas no uso do espaço parecem resultantes de: limitações espaciais, conflitos intergrupais, composições dos grupos e disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. Palavras-chave: Área de Vida; Comportamentos Agonísticos Intergrupais; Mico-estrela; Recursos Alimentares Biotemas, 27 (2): 193-201, junho de 2014 ISSNe 2175-7925 http://dx. AbstractGroup composition, intergroup conflicts and use of space in Callithrix penicillata (Geoffroy, 1812) introduced in an urban patch. The use of space by the Callithix genus can be related to different factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of different factors on the use of space in C. penicillata introduced in an urban patch. Two groups, called GL and GG, were monitored in two six-month phases at Parque Ecológico do Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Both groups consisted of eight individuals at the beginning of the study. Throughout Phase I some GL individuals disappeared and births occurred among GG, changing the groups' composition to five and 11 individuals, respectively. In Phase II, GL moved to an inaccessible area preventing sufficient observations. Three GG individuals disappeared and two others were born. Intergroup agonistic behaviors were recorded in all Phase I months, while an abrupt reduction occurred in Phase II. Home range overlaps occurred throughout Phase I. Between Phases I and II, GL left the overlapping area and GG occupied the GL spaces. These changes seem to be related to the increase in GG individuals and their need to access food resources. The use of space dynamics seems to result from spatial limitations, intergroup conflicts, group compositions and availability of food resources.
The negative results obtained might be due to the absence of clinical manifestations of disease in the population of NHP evaluated.
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