A 76-year-old woman, presenting with a 4-year history of progressive dysphagia, was submitted to endoscopic examination. The upper endoscopy revealed a proximal esophageal stricture and inflammatory mucosa associated with multiples small orifices in the esophageal wall, some of them fulfilled with white spots suggestive of fungal infection. This was a typical endoscopic finding of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis, a benign and rare condition, related to chronic esophagitis and others comorbid states, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or infectious esophagitis, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and achalasia. Dysphagia is the predominant symptom and can be accompanied by esophageal stricture in 80% to 90% of patients. The pathogenesis is unknown, and as the pseudodiverticulosis is an intramural finding, endoscopy biopsies are inconclusive. The main histological finding is dilation of the submucosal glands excretory ducts, probably obstructed by inflammatory cells. The treatment consists in management of the underlying diseases and symptoms relief. In this particular case, the patient was submitted to antifungal drugs followed by endoscopic dilation with thermoplastic bougies, with satisfactory improvement of dysphagia.

Objective: to investigate whether two different syringes yield different results in the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) flow test to evaluate liquid consistency. Methods: two 10-mL syringes (Bencton and Dickinson, manufactured in the United States, and Saldanha Rodrigues, manufactured in Brazil) were compared. Flow rate of water added with food thickener (maltodextrin, xanthan gum and potassium chloride) at three concentrations, and of barium sulfate at three concentrations was measured immediately after preparation and at 8 hours and 24 hours thereafter. Results: flow rate of both water and barium sulfate was higher with the Bencton and Dickinson syringe, with discrepancies between the two syringes in the classification of fluid consistency according to the IDDI framework. Conclusion: in the evaluation of the consistency of liquids by the IDDSI flow test, a Bencton and Dickinson syringe should be used, following the recommendations of the IDDSI group.

RESUMOEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar estereótipos de gênero entre adolescentes alunos de uma escola leiga e outra confessional, buscando identificar possíveis diferenças que a orientação da escola pudesse exercer em seus alunos na formação, manutenção e mudança dos estereótipos. A proposta deste trabalho possibilitou traçar um perfil da percepção estereotipada dos adolescentes sobre seus pares femininos e masculinos em três níveis de análises: autoestereótipos, heteroestereótipos e metapercepção. Para isso, foram utilizadas escalas tipo Likert de cinco pontos e os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se estatística descritiva e ANOVA. As análises indicaram que as mulheres são preferencialmente caracterizadas por traços coletivistas. Contudo, o número de atributos individualistas que são aplicados a elas é bastante significativo, diferente da caracterização masculina que é fortemente marcada por atributos individualistas e carece de atributos coletivistas. As atribuições são mais intensas entre os alunos da escola confessional, o que sugere que esse grupo tende a utilizar mais os estereótipos existindo uma tendência marcante em favorecer o próprio grupo nas atribuições. Os dados indicam que as mulheres são mais estereotipadas que os homens tanto no número de atributos usados na caracterização quanto na intensidade com que esses são atribuídos. Palavras-chave: adolescência; estereótipos; gênero; educação escolar. ABSTRACT Gender Stereotypes in Adolescents: an Analysis of the School Influence on the Formation, Maintenance and Changes of StereotypesThis research aimed at investigating gender stereotypes among adolescent students of two schoolsone religious and the other non-religious -trying to identify possible differences that the school orientation could exert on its students in the formation, maintenance and change of stereotypes. This work proposal made it possible to trace a profile of the adolescents' stereotyped perception on their male and female peers in three analysis levels, auto-stereotypes, hetero-stereotypes and meta--perception. For this purpose, five-point Likert scales were utilized and the data obtained were analyzed statistically utilizing descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The analyses indicated that women are mainly characterized by collective traces. However, the number of individualistic attributes which are applied to them is quite significant, differently from the male characterization which is strongly marked by individualistic attributes and lacks of collective ones. The attributions are more intense among the students of religious school, what suggests that this group tends to utilize more often the stereotypes and that there is a marked tendency towards the ingroup in the attributions. The data indicate that women are more stereotyped than men in the number of attributes used in the characterization as well as in the intensity with which they are attributed.

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familiar ao desconhecido, conseguem transpor o mundo, muitas vezes inacessível, a uma grande quantidade de leitores. Tais aspectos observados revelaram, ainda, diferentes motivações para a formação dessas metáforas. As de especialidade amparamse, sobretudo, em domínios-fonte constituídos por outros domínios do conhecimento, como a Astronomia, a Informática, a Geografia-além de apoiar-se em domínios cotidianos, o que constitui a base do pensamento metafórico. Aquelas que ocorrem em textos divulgativos, devido à proximidade com o público geral, além de refletirem as metáforas de especialidade, amparam-se, mormente, em domínios amplamente familiares, como o dos Esportes, o das Artes e o da Culinária.

Esta investigación de tipo cualitativa tiene por objetivo analizar las metáforas lingüísticas y conceptuales sobre la política educativa chilena en columnas de opinión publicadas en diferentes periódicos digitales del país. Se aplicó un procedimiento de identificación de usos metafóricos y un análisis de contenido metafórico. De esta manera se evidenció la aparición reiterada de dos grupos de metáforas lingüísticas sobre la institucionalidad educativa en Chile: uno que la conceptualiza como un edificio y otro, como un camino. Ahora bien, estos conjuntos de metáforas lingüísticas pueden adquirir características conceptuales y discursivas específicas en una misma columna. Así, se concluye que las metáforas lingüísticas sobre la política educativa, si bien se basan en metáforas conceptuales más generales y convencionalizadas en la lengua, su desarrollo en las columnas se orienta en virtud del tópico común de discurso y de propósitos persuasivos particulares. Entre estos destacan la crítica a diferentes actores o procesos político-educativos, tales como el sistema educativo chileno, los gobiernos de turno o las movilizaciones sociales.

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Taking into consideration that the units of specialized knowledge take part of a dynamic universe, in the scenery of the scientific innovations, and that they are basic for the specialized communication, the present work, in the fields of communicative/linguistic, has as main objective the systematization, organization and structuration of the vocabulary of the Molecular Genetics. To undertake such task, the following stages were necessary: elaboration of a corpus of research, formed by authentic material that reflected the area with larger correction; removal of the representative terminological units of the domain, based on linguistic, pragmatic and typographical criteria as: morphologic character (with specialized meaning inside the knowledge field), syntactic conditioning (coherence and the commutation), degree of cohesion and syntactic fixation of the terms, proximity of explanatory comments, degree of lexicalization of the term, univocal relation with the specialized concept that is assigned (monosomy), typographical artifices, contextual analysis, election of adequate types of documentation and also verification of precise statistics of the different levels of language; analysis of the morphosyntactic constitution of the chosen units, through the inquiry of its content and its syntactic characteristics, as well as of its functioning in context, examination that presented interesting characteristicsprefixes (bio-) and suffixes (-oma) characterizing the area, notable presence in the composition of general language (-agem,-ção,-mento) in the nomination of methods and techniques of work, predominance of syntagmatic compositions (with 69% of the formations) and superiority of composition Greek-Latin in the derivations and cultured compositions; and finally, the elaboration of a structure of concepts that could evidence the meaning relations that were established between the concepts of the area, work that contributed to the knowledge of the composition of the terminological units, since the same ones can be expressed in instructions for the correct allocation of a term in a specific semantic field. Finally, this work is intended to be extended, a posteriori, in form of reference for pupils and researchers of Molecular Genetics, cooperating with science in its learning and spreading.