Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, no território do semiárido baiano, a presença do Lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes (SRLV: Artrite encefalite caprina, CAEV, e Maedi-Visna, MVV) e caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico da caprino/ovinocultura nessa região. Em 134 propriedades do Portal do Sertão, Sisal e Bacia do Jacuípe foram coletadas amostras de soros de caprinos (n=1046) e ovinos (n = 704), para detecção de anticorpos para CAEV e MVV pelo teste de Imunodifusão (IDGA) e ELISA e Western Blot para CAEV. Durante a visita em cada fazenda, aplicou-se um questionário para definir o perfil socioeconômico da caprino/ovinocultura da propriedade. Os resultados mostraram a ausência de soropositivos para MVV e CAEV pelo IDGA, mas 5/755 caprinos foram positivos para CAEV pelo ELISA e confirmados no Western blot. O questionário aplicado mostrou um perfil produtivo pouco tecnificado, com predomínio de propriedades de gestão familiar, sem investimentos tecnológicos, rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos sem raça definida, criados em sistema extensivo e destinados principalmente à subsistência familiar. Concluindo, este trabalho mostra que a região do semiárido baiano tem uma baixa ocorrência do SRLV, e o desenvolvimento da caprino/ovinocultura é voltado à criação de animais para consumo familiar ou obtenção de renda nos mercados locais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: diagnóstico; Lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes; produtividade; semiárido.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease, endemic in Brazil, with an impact on public health and trade. TB causes direct and indirect financial losses to infected farms and regions. Our study aimed at quantifying the risk of introduction of TB into TB-free herds of southern Bahia, Brazil, via movement of live cattle from other regions of the State. Results suggest that the annual risk of introducing TB into free farms of southern Bahia, either through legal or illegal trade of live cattle, is very low, varying, on average, between 0.001 and 0.006 depending on the region of origin of the animals. Noteworthy, illegal movements accounted for 90% of the risk demonstrating the importance of compliance with official regulations. These results are useful to inform both veterinary authorities and farmers in making decisions related to the regionalization of the control for TB in the country, with the ultimate goal of eliminating this major zoonotic disease from an important dairy region of Brazil.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(11):1313-1318 br Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease caused by the infection withMycobacterium bovis that affects humans and several mammalian species. BTB is important, because it inflicts farreaching economic losses to infected regions, and due to its impact on public health. Epidemiological surveys were conducted in the State of Bahia between 2008 and 2010 with the objective to estimate the prevalence and to assess the spatial distribution of the disease. The State of Bahia has been stratified into four regions, each of them representing a set of homogeneous epidemiological and demographic characteristics, referred to as Production Circuits. A total of 18,810 more than 2-year-old cattle in 1,305 herds, ranging from 320 to 370 ones per region, and 20 to 40 cattle per herd were randomly selected. A cervical comparative test was applied to each selected animal; reactive cattle and cattle with two consecutive inconclusive tests were considered BTB-positive, whereas non-reactive cattle were considered BTBnegative. Positive herds were classified as those with ≥20 sampled cattle and at least one BTB-positive, as well as those with 40 cattle sampled with ≥2 BTB-positive animals. Latitude and longitude were recorded for each sampled herd with a generic Global Positioning System (GPS). The Cuzick-and-Edwards' test and the spatial scan statistic were used to assess whether BTB was spatially clustered. Herd-level prevalence, as indicated by the proportion of case-herds, was 1.6% (range 0.3 to 2.9% per region). No significant evidence (P<0.05) of spatial clustering was detected, most likely due to the low disease prevalence in the region. Results here suggest that BTB is low prevalent in the State of Bahia and that under these conditions epidemiological outbreaks found cannot be explained by spatially-structured factors.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of cattle, infectious diseases, bovine tuberculosis, temporal-spatial analysis.

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