The results indicate that Gln supplementation during brain development facilitates cortical spreading depression propagation, as judged by the higher CSD velocities, and this effect is not abolished by malnutrition. Data support the idea of Gln-related changes in brain excitability, during neural development.

CO and exercise during lactation can ameliorate the effects of stress on anxiety-like behavior and episodic-like memory in young rats.

Microglia are known to regulate several aspects of the development of the central nervous system. When microglia colonize the spinal cord, from E11.5 in the mouse embryo, they interact with growing central axons of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons (SNs), which suggests that they may have some functions in SN development. To address this issue, we analyzed the effects of embryonic macrophage ablation on the early development of SNs using mouse embryo lacking embryonic macrophages (PU.1 knock‐out mice) and immune cell ablation. We discovered that, in addition to microglia, embryonic macrophages contact tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) C+ SN, TrkB+ SN, and TrkA+ SN peripheral neurites from E11.5. Deprivation of immune cells resulted in an initial reduction of TrkC+ SN and TrkB+ SN populations at E11.5 that was unlikely to be related to an alteration in their developmental cell death (DCD), followed by a transitory increase in their number at E12.5. It also resulted in a reduction of TrkA+ SN number during the developmental period analyzed (E11.5–E15.5), although we did not observe any change in their DCD. Proliferation of cells negative for brain fatty acid‐binding protein (BFABP−), which likely correspond to neuronal progenitors, was increased at E11.5, while their proliferation was decreased at E12.5, which could partly explain the alterations of SN subtype production observed from E11.5. In addition, we observed alterations in the proliferation of glial cell progenitors (BFABP+ cells) in the absence of embryonic macrophages. Our data indicate that embryonic macrophages and microglia ablation alter the development of SNs.

Este estudo objetiva descrever a situação de trabalho de feirantes que atuam na informalidade em uma feira de roupas no centro da cidade de Fortaleza, bem como levantar indícios de impactos dessa realidade na saúde desses trabalhadores, especificamente relatos de dor. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória e qualitativa, com o uso das técnicas de observação direta e entrevista com roteiro estruturado, realizadas no ambiente de trabalho dos feirantes. Para tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo com as seguintes categorias: situações de trabalho (condições e organização do trabalho), relatos de dor e o trabalho como feirante. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que: (a) o grupo de trabalhadores entrevistados é muito diversificado no que se refere à idade, escolaridade e renda; (b) os feirantes apresentam categorias de trabalho distintas; (c) o espaço de trabalho influencia a forma como a atividade é organizada cotidianamente; e (d) os relatos dos feirantes indicam a presença de dor osteomuscular, mas a necessidade de não interromper o trabalho prevalece em relação aos cuidados com a saúde. Conclui-se que a construção de determinadas formas de ordenamento do trabalho no ambiente da feira indica uma capacidade de autonomia e organização efetivada pelos trabalhadores, mas que não suprimem a condição de precariedade e de informalidade em que estão inseridos. Palavras-chave: Situação de trabalho; saúde; informalidade; feirante.This study aims to describe work situations among market stallholders operating informally in a clothing fair in the city center of Fortaleza, and to identify signs of health related issues linked to this reality. A qualitative exploratory research study was conducted, using direct observation and structured interview techniques, performed in the working environment of the stallholders. The data were analyzed by means of a content analysis of interviews and observations. The categories used were: work situations, containing work and organizational conditions, and reports on pain and merchant work. The results pointed out that: (a) the group of workers interviewed is very diverse in terms of age, education, and income; (b) the stallholders present distinct informality categories; (c) the place where they work influences the way the work is organized on a daily basis; and (d) the discourses indicate the presence of musculoskeletal pain, but the necessity of not interrupting the work prevails over health concerns. It is concluded that the construction of specific forms of work organization in the fair environment indicates worker capacity for autonomy and effective organization, but does not reduce the precarious and informal conditions in which they are placed.

Nutritional status during development can modify the brain's electrophysiological properties and its response to drugs that reduce the serotonin availability in the synaptic cleft. Here we used cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the rat as a neurophysiological parameter to investigate the interaction between nutritional status and treatment with tianeptine, a serotonin uptake enhancer. From postnatal day 2 to 24, well-nourished and early-malnourished rat pups were s.c. injected with tianeptine (5 or 10mg/kg; 10 ml/kg) or equivalent volume of saline solution (control group). When the animals were 25-30 days old, CSD was recorded on the brain cortical surface. In the well-nourished rats, but not in the malnourished group, systemic tianeptine dose-dependently increased the CSD propagation velocity, with 10mg/kg producing a significant (P<0.05) effect. An experiment in adult rats showed that cortical topical application of tianeptine solutions (5mg/ml, 10mg/ml, and 20mg/ml) increased the CSD propagation in both the well-nourished and early-malnourished conditions. In well-nourished animals, 0.5mg/ml topical tianeptine did not affect CSD propagation, and 2mg/ml produced a small, but significant CSD acceleration. Our results indicate a facilitating action of tianeptine on CSD propagation, probably via tianeptine's pharmacological action on the serotonin system. These findings support previous data suggesting an antagonistic role of the serotoninergic system on CSD.

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Esta pesquisa avaliou discursos de mestrandos sobre a natureza das diferenças raciais, suas consequências sociais e os fatores psicossociais a que estão relacionados em um estudo exploratório, de natureza quali-quantitativa, com 19 alunos do mestrado em Psicologia e 15 do de Direito Econômico. Verificou-se que os discursos analisados organizaram-se em três classes: diferenças existem e são genéticas; diferenças não existem; processos de exclusão usam traços fenotípicos como critério de diferenciação. Constatou-se que o primeiro condena as reivindicações do movimento negro e é contrário às quotas e à sua autonomia política e cultural; o segundo, mais frequente em estudantes politizados, é favorável a essas reivindicações; o último agrega respostas negativas, positivas e interrogativas em relação aos aspectos mencionados. Os resultados evidenciam repertórios discursivos que negam ou naturalizam as desigualdades raciais: tanto expressam posições adversas às reivindicações dos negros quanto as justificam, racionalizando como não preconceituosas posições que o são.