Este artigo é dedicado aos 39 anos de carreira docente da Profa. Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli, devotada e incentivadora do modelo de pesquisa criativa e interativa e por sua notável contribuição para a Química brasileira. Recebido em 2/2/09; aceito em 10/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES. In a moment that amazingly advances are being reached on the development of technologies to obtain high value chemical compounds as polymers, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical industry intermediates and chemical entities, we cannot refuse that a meaningful progress is due to the maturing in knowledge of biological transformations. Biocatalysis and biotransformations are being widespread applied to generate processes and products with incredible success. In this review article we present the main contributions of biotechnology and biological catalytic processes to Chemistry, the most important evolution steps on enzymatic transformations, how it has being applied and which are the perspectives to academic and industrial environments. We also would like to stimulate the community to step out research in biotechnology applicable to chemical and pharmaceutical industries, trying to achieve what we believe to be the ideal layout: integrating chemical transformations, enzymatic conversions and fermentation processes.
The purpose of this article is to compare the evolution of COVID-19 in Manaus and Fortaleza, two epicenters of the pandemic in 2020, analyzing legal measures by local governments and levels of social isolation. An algorithm was defined to calculate the Homestay Index (HSI), using data from the Google Mobility Report. The Decree's timeline, the HSI evolution, the incidence of COVID-19 and the number of deaths from March/2020 to January/2021 were analyzed. The population of Fortaleza was exposed to more consistent measures of social distance, than those of Manaus. Longer homestay was observed from March to May 2020 and Fortaleza achieved higher and more lasting levels. As of June 2020, the HSI fell, notably in Manaus, reaching levels below zero in late December. As an aggravating factor, the government decreed ample isolation in Manaus on December 23/2020, but after protests, it repeals it on December 26/2020. A Judicial Decision determines the complete closure in Manaus on January 02/2021, but it was too late: SUS collapses with an exponential increase in deaths. In Fortaleza, the demand for health services is high, but under control. We consider that only the strict application of non-pharmacological measures and mass immunization can prevent further deaths.
Recebido em 26/8/13; aceito em 20/9/13; publicado na web em 16/10/13 EXPLORING MICROBIAL NATURAL PRODUCTS IN THE FRONTIERS OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY. The chemistry of natural products has been remarkably growing in the past few decades in Brazil. Aspects related to the isolation and identification of new natural products, as well as their biological activities, have been achieved in different laboratories working on this subject in the country. More recently, the introduction of new molecular biology tools has strongly influenced the research on natural products, mainly those produced by microorganisms, creating new possibilities to assess the chemical diversity of secondary metabolites. This paper describes some ideas on how the research on natural products can have a considerable input from molecular biology in the generation of chemical diversity. We also explore the role of microbial natural products in mediating interspecific interactions and their relevance to ecological studies. Examples of the generation of chemical diversity are highlighted by using genome mining, mutasynthesis, combinatorial biosynthesis, metagenomics, and synthetic biology, while some aspects of microbial ecology are also discussed. The idea to bring up this topic is linked to the remarkable development of molecular biology techniques to generate useful chemicals from different organisms. Here, we focus mainly on microorganisms, even though similar approaches have also been applied to the study of plants and other organisms. Investigations in the frontier of chemistry and biology require interactions between different areas, characterizing the interdisciplinarity of this research field. The necessity of a real integration of chemistry and biology is pivotal to finding correct answers to a number of biological phenomena. The use of molecular biology tools to generate chemical diversity and control biosynthetic pathways is largely explored in the production of important biologically active compounds. Finally, we briefly comment on the Brazilian organization of research in this area, the necessity of new strategies for the graduation programs, and the establishment of networks as a way of organization to overcome some of the problems faced in the area of natural products.Keywords: natural products; molecular biology; chemical ecology; genome mining. INTRODUÇÃONo final do ano de 2012, 1 a SBQ, no seu trabalho de estimular a reflexão de grandes temas de interesse pela comunidade, e tendo como foco o Fórum Mundial da Ciência que ocorrerá na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em novembro de 2013, lançou um documento para nortear a discussão dos vários tópicos que a sociedade julga interessantes para o referido fórum. Entre eles estão: educação (todos os níveis); vida (incluindo fármacos e medicamentos); matérias-primas e materiais, "novos e velhos" (incluindo nanociência e nanomateriais); biodiversidade (incluindo recursos naturais não minerais); energia, água, alimentos e ambiente, inovação e a indústria química. Neste aspecto a Química de Produtos Na...
This article aims to compare the evolution of Covid-19 in Manaus and Fortaleza, two epicenters of the pandemic in 2020, analyzing legal measures by local governments and levels of social isolation. An algorithm was defined to calculate the Homestay Index (HSI), using data from the Google Mobility Report. We analyzed the decree’s timeline, the HSI evolution, the Covid-19 incidence and the number of deaths from March/2020 to January/2021. The population of Fortaleza was exposed to more consistent measures of social distancing than that of Manaus. Longer homestay was observed from March to May 2020 and Fortaleza achieved higher and more lasting levels. As of June 2020, the HSI fell, notably in Manaus, reaching levels below zero in late December. As an aggravating factor, the government decreed broad isolation in Manaus on December 23, 2020, but after protests it was repealed on December 26, 2020. A judicial decision determined the complete closure in Manaus on January 2nd 2021, but it was too late: the SUS collapsed with an exponential increase in deaths. In Fortaleza, the demand for health services was high, but under control. We consider that only the strict application of non-pharmacological measures and mass immunization can prevent further deaths.
Conflito de interesses: Os autores declaram não apresentar conflito de interesses.Contribuição dos autores: os autores contribuíram igualmente na concepção do estudo, aquisição de dado, redação inicial, revisão e aprovação final. ECM realizou a análise e tabulação dos dados SciELO Preprints -Este documento é um preprint e sua situação atual está disponível em:
This study describes epidemiological aspects of the Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 and mortality by COVID-19 in children (0-9 years old) and adolescents (10-19 years old). The data sources, for 2020-2021, were the Epidemiological Surveillance System for MIS-C and Mortality Information System for COVID-19, both managed by the Ministry of Health. There were 1,503 cases, more frequent in children (77%) than in adolescents (23%), and 93 reported deaths due to MIS-C in 26 of the 27 States of the Country. The highest number of cases in children was reported in São Paulo (268), but the highest incidence took place in the Federal District (7.8 per 100,000 inhabitants). The rate of deaths due to MIS-C was 5.4% in children and 8.7% in adolescents. There were 2,329 deaths due to COVID-19 in the population under 20 years old, with a higher rate in adolescents (4.4 per 100,000 inhabitants) than in children (2.7); the highest rate occurred in Roraima. We recommend intensifying immunization against COVID-19 in such population, increasing protection against the negative effects of COVID-19 and MIS-C, which may have short, medium and/or long-term consequences, so as not to compromise the full integration of these citizens into society.
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