This study evaluated the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin on gastrointestinal nematodes in dogs. Fecal egg counts per gram (EPG) were measured by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in order to evaluate the anthelmintic efficiency and fecal float exams were also performed to assess the concordance between coproparasitological techniques. A total of 45 naturally infected dogs in the city of Bandeirantes, Paraná State, were selected and divided into three groups: Group 1, 15 animals that received pyrantel pamoate (145 mg) in a single dose; Group 2, 15 animals that received ivermectin (3 mg); and Group 3, 15 animals that comprised an untreated control group. Fecal testing was performed two and 10 days after treatment. Toxocara was the most prevalent genus, followed by Ancylostoma and Trichuris. Ancylostoma had low resistance to ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate treatment, while Toxocara were resistant to both treatments. Statistical correlation testing to compare coproparasitogical techniques revealed moderate concordance, substantial and almost perfect concordance for detection of Ancylostoma, Trichuris, and Toxocara, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the gender Ancylostoma had low resistance and Toxocara is resistant to both drugs and because of their high prevalence in young animals means that others anthelmintic drugs may be recommended to combat infections. Additionally, the Gordon and Whitlock modified and Willis-Mollay techniques are effective for detection particularly of Toxocara in dogs. Key words: Ancylostomiasis, dogs, parasitic resistance, toxocariasis ResumoObjetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a eficácia do pamoato pirantel e da ivermectina sobre nematódeos gastrointestinais de cães. Para tanto foram realizados a contagem de ovos nas fezes (OPG) para avaliação da eficiência anti-helmíntica através do Teste de Redução da Contagem de Ovos nas Fezes (RCOF) e exame de flutuação Willis-Mollay para verificação de concordância entre as técnicas coproparasitológicas. Selecionou-se 45 cães na cidade de Bandeirantes, Paraná, naturalmente infectados, os quais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: Grupo 1, 15 animais que receberam pamoato de pirantel 145 mg; Grupo 2, 15 animais que receberam ivermectina 3 mg e Grupo 3, 15 animais do grupo controle, não tratados. Coletas de fezes foram realizadas dois e dez dias depois para realização dos exames coproparasitológicos. Observou-se que o gênero de maior prevalência foi Toxocara, seguido de Ancylostoma e Trichuris. Ancylostoma apresentou baixa resistência ao tratamento
Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes, trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgical techniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study of procedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasing significantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsal plantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digital flexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesis technique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long, forming an angle between 120º and 140º. 24 hours after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (type A), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nail against the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm long was used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end allowing the fixation of screws for cortical bone of 5.5 mm at the ends of the third metatarsal bone, stabilizing the fracture. Radiographic control of the limb was performed each 15 days, with immobilization for 90 days after surgery, thus verifying total consolidation. Concomitantly with the immobilization time, the patient showed improvement in the condition and adequate joint stabilization, presenting degree II (I-V) of lameness, due to the process of ankyloses elapsed from joint degeneration. After 10 months, the horse showed a reduction in claudication, classified as grade I (I-V). The owner was satisfied with the functional and aesthetic result of the treatment, where the animal started to be mounted and used for walks.Discussion: In this case, the treatment indicated was an arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint, due to the hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and rupture of the suspensory apparatus, since they play a fundamental supporting role. There are many arthrodesis techniques for the metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints; however, most of them present several complications, such as implant failure, infections and laminitis of the contralateral limb. For this reason, the development of new techniques that show satisfactory results and less disadvantages in the post-surgical period are fundamental. The nails are advantageous in relation to other fixation methods, presenting lower cost, practical application and allow the support of the fractured limb after return from anesthesia. In the case of simple spiral shaft fractures (type A), the blocked nail system promotes satisfactory stability in the fracture focus, especially for open fractures. When compared to the dynamic compression plate, it is less invasive and can be implanted as a semi-closed surgical procedure, beyond to supporting high loads in vivo.
Resistência medicamentosa continua representando importante problema mundial. A busca por terapias naturais é frequentemente observada em decorrência da possibilidade de minimizar o uso de medicamentos sintéticos, além da menor ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Capixingui (Croton floribundus) é uma espécie arbórea, tropical, considerada como planta medicinal. Em sua composição destaca-se o ácido caurenóico, com ação antimicrobiana, citotóxica e anti-inflamatória. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato hidroalcóolico de Croton floribundus a 10% (EHAC10%) sobre inócuos Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 e Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada por difusão em disco e concentração inibitória mínima. Complementarmente, foi determinada atividade antioxidante, além dos teores de fenóis e flavonoides totais. EHAC10% inibiu o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, e Pseudomona aeruginosa. Quanto à atividade antioxidante, teores de fenóis e flavonoides totais, foi possível verificar o padrão dose dependente com valores máximos apresentados na maior dosagem avaliada pelo presente estudo (1.000 µg mL-1). A atividade antioxidante, foi registrada a partir de 250 µg mL-1, apresentando valor máximo correspondente a 70,56%. Os maiores teores de fenóis e flavonoides totais corresponderam a 280 mg e 44,41 mg, respectivamente. Dessa forma, as atividades antibacteriana e antioxidante do EHAC 10% podem representar importante potencial terapêutico para o controle da mastite bovina, especialmente para sistemas orgânicos de produção.
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