Abstract-An optimization model is proposed to manage a residential microgrid including a charging spot with a vehicle-togrid system and renewable energy sources. In order to achieve a realistic and convenient management, we take into account: (1) the household load split into three different profiles depending on the characteristics of the elements considered; (2) a realistic approach to owner behavior by introducing the novel concept of range anxiety; (3) the vehicle battery management considering the mobility profile of the owner and (4) different domestic renewable energy sources. We consider the microgrid operated in grid-connected mode. The model is executed one-day-ahead and generates a schedule for all components of the microgrid. The results obtained show daily costs in the range of 2.82eto 3.33e; the proximity of these values to the actual energy costs for Spanish households validate the modeling. The experimental results of applying the designed managing strategies show daily costs savings of nearly 10%.Index Terms-Optimal management, smart grids, vehicle-togrid (V2G), range anxiety, renewable generation, residential microgrids
I. NOTATION
Sets
RSet of devices with shiftable load, r ∈ R T
Set of time intervals, t ∈ T U wIntervals where the EV is plugged D UE to the current development of electric vehicle (EV) technology and its commercialization, the integration of the EV in the optimal management of residential energy systems will become a real need in the medium term. Moreover, the EV penetration levels could be increased if EV users' concern about running out of electricity before reaching their destination is mitigated. This increase would favour the environment aligning with the European energy objectives.
Abstract-The aim of this paper is to present an hybrid AC-DC offshore wind power plant (OWPP) topology and to optimize its design in order to minimize the OWPP's total cost. This hybrid concept is based on clustering wind turbines and connecting each group to an AC/DC power converter installed on a collector platform which is located between the AC wind turbine array and the HVDC offshore platform. Thereby, individual power converters of each wind turbine are not required, since such AC/DC converters can provide variable speed generator control for each cluster. The optimal design for an OWPP based on the hybrid AC-DC topology is formulated as a MINLP problem. The capital costs of each component within the OWPP as well as the costs associated to the inherent losses of this topology are minimized. The optimal number of AC/DC converters and offshore collector platforms needed, as well as their locations, are determined. The cable route connecting the wind turbines between each other is also optimized. The results suggests a good potential for the hybrid AC-DC OWPP topology achieving a total cost saving of 3.76 % for the case study compared to the conventional OWPP topology.
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