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RESUMO.-[Avaliação Triplex Doppler dos testículos de cães de tamanhos diferentes.]Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se existem diferenças nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos entre cães de diferentes portes. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 cães, sendo 10 cães de pequeno porte e 10 cães de grande porte. Foram avaliados pelo Triplex Doppler para localização da artéria testicular nos segmentos de cordão espermático, marginal ao testículo e intratesticular. Após isso, o Doppler espectral foi acionado para cálculo dos parâmetros de velocidade de pico sistólico (VPS), velocidade diastólica final (VDF) e índices de resistência (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP). O volume testicular médio do testículo esquerdo foi significativamente maior que o direito em ambos os grupos. Ao Doppler, foram observadas diferenças dos valores entre os portes, sendo as velocidades no cordão espermático superiores nos animais de grande porte (P < 0,05) e dentro dos grupos também foram observadas diferenças entre as regiões da artéria testicular. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que existem diferenças nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos quando comparados animais de diferentes portes, além disso, os parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos são diferentes dependendo da região em que são mensurados. INTRODUCTIONThe ultrasonographic evaluation of the testes allows the study of anatomy, parenchyma and adjacent structures, which is important to detect anatomical abnormalities, as well as guiding interventional procedures for diagnosis purposes (Nyland & Matton 2004). Two-dimensional ultrasound of the testes enables the assessment of echogenicity and echotexture, besides the measure of testicular volume, which may represent normal development of testes, serving as a tool in detecting testicular diseases (Dogra et al. 2003). This study aimed to assess whether there are differences in Doppler velocimetry parameters between different sizes. Twenty dogs were equally divided into small and large groups used in this study. The dogs were evaluated using Triplex ultrasound. Testicular artery was located by Colour Doppler in the spermatic cord, marginal to the testes and intratesticular segments and then, spectral Doppler were used to calculate: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). The mean testicular volume in the left side was significantly higher than the right side, in both groups. Doppler examination showed higher velocities (EDV) at spermatic cord in large dogs; marginal to the testes was observed higher velocities in small dogs; intratesticular region no differences were observed (P < 0.05) and within the groups differences between segments of the artery were also observed for each parameter. The results showed that there are differences in Doppler velocimetry parameters between different sizes.

BackgroundMeasurement of testicular artery blood flow is used in several species to evaluate reproductive function and testicular and scrotal pathology. In dogs there are inconsistent reports about normal flow in post-pubertal dogs and no information concerning pre-pubertal dogs. The aim of this study was to describe regional differences in testicular artery blood flow in clinically normal post-pubertal and pre-pubertal dogs with no history of reproductive tract disease.ResultsThe post-pubertal dogs produced normal ejaculates throughout the study. In all dogs the three different regions of the artery were imaged and monophasic flow with an obvious systolic peak and flow throughout diastole was observed on every occasion. The highest peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured within the distal supra-testicular artery and marginal artery whilst the lowest PSV and EDV were measured within the intra-testicular arteries. Flow measurements were not different between left and right testes and were consistent between dogs on different examination days. Calculated resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were lowest in the intra-testicular arteries.The pre-pubertal dogs had significantly smaller testes than the post-pubertal dogs (p < 0.05) and were unable to ejaculate during the study. The three different artery regions were imaged at every examination time point, and flow profiles had a similar appearance to those of the post-pubertal dogs. PSV, EDV, RI and PI showed a similar trend to the post-pubertal dogs in that values were lowest in the intra-testicular arteries. Notably, values of PSV, EDV, RI and PI were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in pre-pubertal dogs compared with post-pubertal dogs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated important regional and pubertal differences in testicular artery blood flow of dogs, and form the basis for establishing baseline reference values that may be employed for the purposes of clinical diagnosis.

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To identify the time and characteristics of ovulation, 5 bitches were evaluated during heat by ultrasonography , laparoscopy and hormonal assays. Blood collections for progesterone and oestradiol 17-f3 assays and ultrasonography were performed every day and laparoscopy every other day. At ultrasonography, ovaries appeared as anechoic structures about 5 days before the estimated LH peak and gradually increased in size. The greatest changes were observed between days 2 and 4 post-LH peak: echogenicity varied greatly from one animal to another and from one day to the following going from totally anechoic to mixed hypo and hyperechogenicity. Then from day 6, ovaries always appeared as hypoechoic structures assimilated to corpora lutea. At laparoscopy , small follicles were seen as early as day 10 before the LH peak. Their size slowly increased to become large protubering follicles around the day of LH peak (day 0). At day 1, corpora lutea were observed for the first time and were present in all animals by day 5. During that period preceeding day 5, some ovaries had both corpora lutea and follicles clearly visible on their surface. In one animal, haemorrhagic foci were observed at day 3. Neither ultrasonography, nor laparoscopy allowed precise determination of the time of ovulation. Indeed, follicle collapses was never observed, but changes in echogenicity and in the appearance of the ovaries observed by laparoscopy, suggested that ovulation occurred between days 2 and 4 when progesterone concentrations were 12.6 f 6.2 and 32.1 f 10.9 nmollL, respectively. Veterinary Radiology (519) 823-8800, extension 4000, FAX#: (519) 767-031 1, and provide a current curriculum vitae and the names of at least three referees.

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510Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(6):510-514, junho 2010 RESUMO.-[Intersexualidade em uma raposa (Cerdocyon thous).] A intersexualidade é uma das patologias reprodutivas, hereditária e/ou congênita, que têm sido mais reportada em animais selvagens nos últimos anos. Entretanto, suas ocorrências e conseqüências permanecem obscuras, sendo que todos os aspectos relacionados a este distúrbio reprodutivo merecem atenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de intersexualidade com provável ausência de tecido gonadal em uma raposa (Cerdocyon thous) do Brasil. O animal apresentava sexo fenotípico masculino, mas seu prepúcio e pênis eram pequenos. Devido a uma suspeita clínica de criptorquidismo bilateral, foi realizada uma laparotomia, sendo, no procedimento cirúrgico, revelada a ausência de próstata e gônadas. Os ductos deferentes foram localizados lateralmente à bexiga, entendendo-se desde a sua base, inserindo-se na musculatura da parede abdominal direita e esquerda. Um mês após, o animal morreu e os achados necroscópicos confirmaram a ausência de tecidos prostático e gonadal. Entretanto, uma estrutura muscular histologicamente semelhante a cornos e cérvix uterinos foram encontradas. Além disso, pelo mesmo método, ratificou-se a ausência de próstata e o pênis exibiu aspecto normal contendo osso peniano. Os ductos deferentes apresentaram estrutura Intersexuality is a reproductive pathology that has been described in wild animals in recent years. However, its occurrence and consequences remain obscure and therefore all aspects of this reproductive disorder deserve attention. The aim of this study is to report a case of intersexuality with probable absence of gonadal tissue in the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) native to Brazil. The animal has male external genitalia, but its prepuce and penis were both hypoplastic. Because of a clinical suspicion of bilateral cryptorchidism, a laparotomy was performed and the absence of prostate and gonads were revealed. The procedure also revealed vas deferentia, extending laterally from the each side of the bladder basis to the right and left abdominal wall muscles. The animal died one month later, and post mortem examination confirmed the absence of prostatic and gonadal tissues. Muscular structures similar to uterine horns and cervix were founded macroscopically and confirmed by optic microscopy. In addition, post mortem findings corroborate with penis hypoplasia, since penile bone presence was observed. The vasa deferentia had a normal tissue structure, although hypoplastic. In conclusion, the case of a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) reported here represents a proved intersexual animal with probable absence of gonadal tissue.

ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) Morfofisiologia/Morphophysiology RESUMO.-[Caracterização histológica do trato reprodutor e anexos fetais do peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) do Brasil.] O peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) é um dos mamíferos aquáticos mais ameaçados do Brasil e, atualmente é classificado como "em perigo" (MMA). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar histologicamente o trato reprodutor e os anexos fetais de peixes-bois marinhos encalhados no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de tecidos do trato reprodutor de 23 peixes-bois marinhos (T. manatus), que foram fixadas em formol tamponado a 10%, processados usando protocolos histológicos padrão e corados com hematoxilina eosina. Foi realizada a descrição qualitativa das características histológicas e histomorfométricas de cada estrutura. Foram analisados seis ovários. Em quatro ovários, foi encontrado um grande número de folículos primordiais e primários. Dois ovários eram diferentes dos outros: um tinha infiltração inflamatória e o outro tinha um espessamento no córtex e ausência de folículos. Também foram analisadas sete amostras uterinas (das quais quatro estavam na fase proliferativa, duas na fase secretória e uma