Resumo Mapeamento e caracterização da vegetação da Ilha de Superagüi utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento.A ilha do Superagüi é integrante do Parque Nacional do Superagüi, que conserva em seus limites um dos mais importantes remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica do país. Superagüi é considerada uma ilha artificial, separada do continente em 1952 pela abertura do canal do Varadouro. Ainda assim, algumas espécies seriamente ameaçadas de extinção têm essa ilha como seu hábitat -são exemplos o mico-leão-da-cara-preta (Leontopithecus caissara) e o papagaio-chauá (Amazona brasiliensis) -, o que confirma a importância da sua conservação. No intuito de gerar subsídios à elaboração do plano de manejo, no que tange à vegetação, esse trabalho teve por objetivo mapear e caracterizar a cobertura vegetal de Superagüi, através de estudos de campo associados a geoprocessamento. O resultado obtido foi um mapa da vegetação que contempla 11 tipologias e dispõe de descrição geral para cada uma delas, incluindo as espécies arbóreas mais freqüentes ou importantes para o reconhecimento da classe em questão. Palavras-chave: Mapa de vegetação; geoprocessamento; Superagüi; Floresta Atlântica; planície litorânea. Abstract Mapping and characterization of Superagüi Island vegetation applying geo-processing techniques.Superagüi Island is part of Superagüi National Park, which limits preserve one of the most important remaindering areas of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Superagui is considered an artificial island, as it was separated from mainland in 1952 by Varadouro Canal opening. Preservation of Superagüi is unquestionable as endangered species have this island as their habitat, such as black-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara) and Chauá parrot (Amazona brasiliensis). In order to work the park running plan up, this work intended to map and clear up Superagui's vegetation aspects applying land studies associated to geo-processing techniques. As result a vegetation map was elaborated, it contemplates 11 typologies and disposes general descriptions for each one, even most frequent or important arboreal species for classification knowledge.
The critically endangered black-faced lion tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara, has a restricted geographical distribution consisting of small mainland and island populations, each with distinct habitats in coastal southeastern Brazil. Necessary conservation management actions require an assessment of whether differences in habitats are reflected in use of space by the species. We studied two tamarin groups on the mainland at São Paulo state between August 2005 and March 2007, and compared the results with data from Superagui Island. Three home range estimators were used: minimum convex polygon (MCP), Kernel, and the new technique presented dissolved monthly polygons (DMP). These resulted, respectively, in home ranges of 345, 297, and 282 ha for the 12-month duration of the study. Spatial overlap of mainland groups was extensive, whereas temporal overlap was not, a pattern that indicates resource partitioning is an important strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. L. caissara large home ranges seem to be dynamic, with constant incorporation of new areas and abandonment of others through time. The main difference between mainland and island groups is the amount and variety of sleeping sites. A better understanding of the home range sizes, day range lengths, and territorial behavior of this species will aid in developing better management strategies for its protection. Additionally, the presented DMP protocol is a useful improvement over the MCP method as it results in more realistic home range sizes for wildlife species.
The Critically Endangered black-faced lion tamarin Leontopithecus caissara has a restricted distribution consisting of small mainland and island populations each with distinct habitats in coastal south-eastern Brazil. The conservation action plan for the species recommends translocation to increase population size and promote genetic exchange among threatened isolated populations, measures that require an understanding of habitat and resource requirements. We investigated habitat selection by the black-faced lion tamarin, comparing habitats and examining frequency of use by two insular groups and two mainland groups. Using this understanding of habitat preferences we were able to refine current estimates of the carrying capacity (K) for this species. Habitats preferred by mainland groups were swamps and inundated areas and secondary forest. Submontane forest was avoided, as were hydromorphic lowland forest and urbanized areas. Island groups used mainly tall lowland forest and arboreal restinga (forest on sandy soil). The finding that L. caissara avoids montane forest sheds light on its restricted distribution to low elevation coastal plains. An estimate of K indicated c. 700 individuals, which could be increased to c. 1,500 with appropriate conservation management measures. Findings agree with the supposition that lion tamarins are typical of mature Atlantic forest, with little altitudinal variation but flexible in their use of successional stages. Future conservation management measures should account for differences in habitat use, selection and differences between island and mainland habitats.
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