High-dose and refuge are the most important strategies for delaying resistance evolution in Bt crops. Insecticide sprays in refuge areas could be necessary and may limit refuge effectiveness. Here, we evaluated the sublethal effects of two diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on Chloridea virescens life history traits and flight performance. Sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide increased larval and pre-pupal development times and decreased larval weight; flubendiamide increased pupal development times. Chlorantraniliprole increased adult male longevity and reduced female fertility, while flubendiamide reduced fecundity. Overall life table parameters were negatively impacted by both treatments. Males exposed to either insecticide showed significant reductions in flight duration and distance for unsustained flights (<30 min). The duration and distance of the first flights were reduced when exposed to chlorantraniliprole. Sustained flights (>30 min) were generally unaffected by insecticide exposure and both sexes flew >6400 m in a single flight. The sublethal effects of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole on C. virescens’ population dynamics could lead to generation asynchrony and provide insufficient susceptible moths when sprayed on refuge crops. However, the distance and duration of flight may still be sufficient to ensure mixing of potentially resistant and susceptible populations from refuge plots.
The Urochloa spp. (sin. Brachiaria spp.) is an important grass cultivated in Brazil. However, the pasture spittlebugs pest attack can limited this forage plant supply and animal production. In search of alternative pest control methods, this research evaluated the boric acid efficiency to control spittlebugs Deois flavopicta and Notozulia entreriana (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). The experiment was carried out under completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were boric acid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% and insecticides permethrin 50 CE (0.005%) and imidacloprid 700 WG (0.02%). The number of surviving insects after pulverization of treatments to pasture spittlebugs pest control efficiency were performed. Boric acid at the concentration 0.4% showed 100% of efficiency to control spittlebugs D. flavopicta and N. entreriana species. Thus, boric acid at 0.4% can be used to integrated pest management programs of forage grasses.
Management of target pests of Bt soybean in refuge areas, ecological risk to ground-dwelling predators and their implications for insect resistance managementversão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011
A laparoscopia, também conhecida como cirurgia de buraco da fechadura, é a arte de realizar cirurgias por meio de pequenas incisões de 0,5 a 1,5 cm, usando pequenos instrumentos telescópicos especializados. Um laparoscópio é um tubo estreito com uma câmera e lentes acopladas a ele. As vantagens da cirurgia laparoscópica sobre a tradicional cirurgia de incisão aberta incluem diminuição da dor pós-operatória, diminuição do sangramento, menor tempo de internação, convalescença e recuperação mais precoces, com complicações como infecções pulmonares, coágulos nas pernas e pulmões minimizados com a mobilização precoce. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os benefícios da laparoscopia na cirurgia urológica em caso de patologia benigna. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizando-se a seleção de fontes de estudo nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs. Com base na análise qualitativa de dados, concluiu-se que a laparoscopia na cirurgia urológica em patologias benignas apresenta uma série de benefícios ao serem comparadas a cirurgias abertas convencionais, tais como: menor sangramento, diminuição da morbidade operatória, alta hospitalar precoce, menor dor no pós-operatório, efeitos estéticos mais adequados e retomada precoce das atividades habituais. No caso de pessoas Testemunhas de Jeová, registram-se menores níveis de sangramento e redução da necessidade de transfusão.
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