During T cell development, the first step in creating a unique T cell receptor (TCR) is genetic recombination of the TCRβ chain. The quality of the new TCRβ is assessed at the β-selection checkpoint. Most cells fail this checkpoint and die, but the coordination of fate at the β-selection checkpoint is not yet understood. We shed new light on fate determination during β-selection using a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6, ACY1215. ACY1215 disrupted the β-selection checkpoint. Characterising the basis for this disruption revealed a new, pivotal stage in β-selection, bookended by up-regulation of TCR co-receptors, CD28 and CD2, respectively. Within this “DN3bPre” stage, CD5 and Lef1 are up-regulated to reflect pre-TCR signalling, and their expression correlates with proliferation. These findings suggest a refined model of β-selection in which a coordinated increase in expression of pre-TCR, CD28, CD5 and Lef1 allows for modulating TCR signalling strength and culminates in the expression of CD2 to enable exit from the β-selection checkpoint.
A critical stage of T cell development is β-selection; at this stage the TCRβ chain is generated and the developing T cell starts to acquire antigenic specificity. Progression through β-selection is assisted by a low affinity interaction between the nascent TCRβ chain and peptide presented on stromal MHC and external cues provided by the niche, including Notch and CXCR4. In this study, we reveal the importance of a new cue within the murine developing T cell niche which is critical for T cell development. E-cadherin mediates cell-cell interactions and influences cell fate in many developmental systems. In developing T cells E-cadherin contributed to the formation of an immunological synapse and the alignment of the mitotic spindle with the polarity axis during division, which facilitated subsequent T cell development. Collectively, these data highlight a new aspect of the developing T cell niche and provide insights into the role of E-cadherin in the β-selection stage of T cell development.
A critical stage of T cell development is β-selection; at this stage, the T cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain is generated, and the developing T cell starts to acquire antigenic specificity. Progression through β-selection is assisted by low-affinity interactions between the nascent TCRβ chain and peptide presented on stromal major histocompatibility complex and cues provided by the niche. In this study, we identify a cue within the developing T cell niche that is critical for T cell development. E-cadherin mediates cell-cell interactions and influences cell fate in many developmental systems. In developing T cells, E-cadherin contributed to the formation of an immunological synapse and the alignment of the mitotic spindle with the polarity axis during division, which facilitated subsequent T cell development. Collectively, these data suggest that E-cadherin facilitates interactions with the thymic niche to coordinate the β-selection stage of T cell development.
During T cell development, the first step in creating a unique T Cell Receptor (TCR) is the genetic recombination of the TCRβ chain. The quality of this newly recombined gene is assessed at the β-selection checkpoint, and most cells fail this checkpoint and are removed. The coordination of the complex events that combine to control fate at the β-selection checkpoint is not yet understood. We assessed the impact on T cell development of a selective inhibitor to histone deacetylase 6, ACY1215, currently in clinical use. ACY1215 led to bypass of the β-selection checkpoint such that cells in the DN4 stage often lacked expression of TCRβ, and failed to progress to the DP stage. Characterisation of the molecular basis for this bypass revealed a new, pivotal stage in β-selection, the beginning and end of which were defined by the upregulation of the TCR co-receptors, CD28 and CD2 respectively. Within this stage, termed DN3bPre, CD5 and Lef1 are upregulated to reflect pre-TCR signalling. We propose that the progressive expression of CD28, CD5 then CD2 reports and modulates the pre-TCR signal to orchestrate passage through the β-selection checkpoint. By disrupting the functional connection between CD5 and pre-TCR, ACY1215 allows cells to inappropriately bypass the β-selection checkpoint. These findings implicate a refined model of β-selection in which a coordinated increase in expression of pre-TCR, CD5 and Lef1 provides for an escalating test of TCR signalling strength, and culminates in the expression of CD2 to enable exit from the β-selection checkpoint.
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