Experimental tools are a key factor in both academic and industrial research communities to create design evaluations of new networking technologies that involve troubleshooting or changing the planning of deployed networks. Physical Software-Defined Radio (SDR) experimental platforms enable a design solution for the quick prototyping of wireless communication systems. However, SDR-based experimental platforms incur high costs, which leads to scalability limitations in the experimental settings. Having said this, network simulators, emulators, and new testbeds have attracted increasing attention. Emulation-based research prototyping can be distinguished from real communication networks and SDR-based platforms by allowing a tradeoff between cost and flexibility. This paper examines the Mininet-RAN emulation tool, which, as well as Radio Access Network (RAN) modeling, provides a way to test Open RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) services without the need to deploy an entire RAN infrastructure. The Mininet-RAN creates virtual network elements, such as hosts, L2/L3 devices, controllers, and links, by combining some of the best emulator features, hardware testbeds, and simulators. By running the current code of standard practice Unix/Linux network applications and network stack, the Mininet-RAN enables real-world network data traffic patterns to be delivered to the RIC, regarding the most significant aspect of the dynamic generation of wireless system's KPIs. We provide the basic code of Mininet-RAN for the first two O-RAN Alliance-defined use cases involving V2X and UAV. The xApps are being implemented in O-RAN SC near-RT RIC, with Mininet-RAN which provides a closed-loop validation environment.
Resumo-Com o uso de ondas milimétricas (mmWave) na quinta geração (5G) da rede de comunicação do 3GPP, o planejamento de redes celulares passou a apresentar desafios adicionais devido à propagação severa. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de cobertura para um cenário indoor definido pelo 3GPP que utiliza a faixa de 24,3 GHz. Por meio de prototipagem via software (5G-LENA), foram realizadas simulações com diferentes deployments, quantidades de antenas e diferentes níveis de potência de transmissão. Os resultados evidenciam que o projeto de implantação deve ser personalizado para cada cenário.
Resumo-O desenvolvimento da quinta geração de redes móveis (5G) propõe atender o caso de uso que engloba as comunicações móveis em banda larga melhoradas (eMBB) definido pelo órgão padronizador dessa tecnologia de acesso rádio, o 3GPP. Para suprir essa demanda são necessárias funcionalidades que aperfeiçoem o uso dos recursos de rádio disponíveis, entre elas estão o uso de esquemas multi-antena (MIMO) e a conformação de feixe (Beamforming). Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de cobertura e capacidade, por meio da prototipagem via software no simulador ns-3. As análises são realizadas com base em Radio Environment Maps (REMs) e parâmetros como: SINR, taxa útil e atraso do sistema, em cenário Indoor com variações nas configurações das funcionalidades MIMO e conformação de feixe na presença de múltiplos usuários conectados.
It is crucial to monitor the levels of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) to which the general population may be exposed and compare them to the limits defined in the current standards, in view of the rapid rise of communication services and the prospects of a connected society. A high number of people visits shopping malls and since these locations usually have several indoor antennas close to the public, it is therefore a kind of place that must be evaluated. Thus, this work presents measurements of the electric field in a shopping mall located in Natal, Brazil. We proposed a set of six measurement points, following two criteria: places with great the flow of people and the presence of one or more Distributed Antenna System (DAS), co-sited or not with WiFi access points. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the distance to DAS (conditions: near and far) and flow density of people in the mall (scenarios: low and high number of people). The highest peaks of electric field measured were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, respectively corresponding to 5% and 8% of the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL).
The O-RAN Alliance conceived an open architecture model that aims at driving new levels of openness in the radio access network (RAN). Allied to the trend of softwarized networks, the open-access network covers most of the telecommunications system when combined with the Software Defined Radio (SDR) paradigm. O-RAN defines the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) as a platform based on microservices for implementing RAN monitoring and control techniques, called xApps. This work uses the O-RAN open-source platform to exemplify its accessibility and versatility to implement xApps with control strategies of a simplified RAN based on GNU Radio. A frequency scanning algorithm is proposed as a use case to demonstrate how SDR platforms allied to the O-RAN paradigm can be easily used in teaching and research initiatives.
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