Optical soliton molecules are bound states of solitons that arise from the balance between attractive and repulsive effects. Having been observed in systems ranging from optical fibers to mode-locked lasers, they provide insights into the fundamental interactions between solitons and the underlying dynamics of the nonlinear systems. Here, we enter the multistability regime of a Kerr microresonator to generate superpositions of distinct soliton states that are pumped at the same optical resonance, and report the discovery of heteronuclear dissipative Kerr soliton molecules. Ultrafast electrooptical sampling reveals the tightly short-range bound nature of such soliton molecules, despite comprising dissipative Kerr solitons of dissimilar amplitudes, durations and carrier frequencies. Besides the significance they hold in resolving soliton dynamics in complex nonlinear systems, such heteronuclear soliton molecules yield coherent frequency combs whose unusual mode structure may find applications in metrology and spectroscopy. DISCRETELY PUMPED KERR MICRORESONATORSIn contrast to a conventional monochromatic pumping scheme, here we drive a single resonance with two laser fields, in order to simultaneously generate two distinct arXiv:1901.04026v4 [physics.optics]
Thermodynamic noise places a fundamental limit on the frequency stability of dielectric optical resonators. Here, we present the characterization of thermo-refractive noise in photonic-chip-based silicon nitride (Si3N4) microresonators and show that thermo-refractive noise is the dominant thermal noise source in the platform. We employed balanced homodyne detection to measure the thermo-refractive noise spectrum of microresonators of different diameters. The measurements are in good agreement with theoretical models and finite element method (FEM) simulations. Our characterization sets quantitative bounds on the scaling and absolute magnitude of thermal noise in photonic chip-based microresonators. An improved understanding of thermo-refractive noise can prove valuable in the design considerations and performance limitations of future photonic integrated devices.
We demonstrate an architecture for massively parallel frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser ranging (LiDAR) by transferring linear chirps of a single narrow linewidth laser onto all soliton comb teeth though generation of a dissipative Kerr soliton in an integrated Si3N4 microresonator.
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