Among other factors, climate and management may also affect the development and behavior of blackberry, providing different results on cultivars. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological performance of blackberry cultivars and plants conducted with different numbers of primocane. Two experiments were carried out, the first one consisted of the evaluation of four blackberry cultivars: BRS Tupy, Cherokee, BRS Xavante and Guarani, for the second experiment, with the cultivar BRS Tupy, different numbers of primocane were evaluated: drastic pruning of winter, two, three and four primary primocane also conducted in the traditional system. The phenological aspects evaluated in the two experiments were: beginning, end and duration of flowering and harvest. Considering the results obtained, a great difference can be observed between the productive cycles in relation to the period of flowering and harvest, being more extensive in the first cycle. The phenological aspects of the tested cultivars are affected by the climatic factors observed during the evaluations, thus presenting variations between the two years. During the first cycle, only plants subjected to drastic pruning did not reach the same production period as plants submitted to other treatments. Among the tested cultivars 'BRS Tupy' and 'Cherokee' they maintained the highest harvesting periods, even though they presented a great variation between the cycles. Young plants of the cultivar BRS Tupy present a restricted harvest period.
Com este trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas da polpa e da casca de pitaya ‘Golden’. O delineamento experimental foi constituído em esquema unifatorial, com dois níveis (polpa e casca), utilizando dez repetições de um fruto cada. Foram avaliadas as características físico-químicas mencionadas a seguir. Para sólidos solúveis e pH, a polpa e a casca apresentaram valores médios de 8,31 e 4,50 ºbrix e de 4,79 e 5,02 respectivamente. Em relação à acidez titulável, a casca e a polpa apresentaram médias de 0,34 % e 0,18 % de ácido málico. Para a massa média dos frutos, massa da polpa e da casca obteve-se valores médios de 360,45g, 264,04g e 95,63 g, respectivamente. Em relação as variáveis comprimento dos frutos, comprimento da polpa, diâmetro do fruto e diâmetro da polpa, observou-se 138,65mm, 98,67mm, 73,58mm e 63,78mm, respectivamente. Quanto a firmeza da casca e da polpa, o valor médio foi de 9,38 N e 5,89 N, respectivamente. Na espessura da casca, verificou-se média de 2,98 mm. Quanto luminosidade e ângulo hue, observou-se valores médios de 61,68 e 81,79 para casca e polpa, respectivamente. Já para a polpa, os valores médios foram de 35,04 para variável luminosidade e 83,36 para o ângulo hue. Concluiu-se que a polpa e a casca da pitaya ‘Golden’ apresentam características físico-químicas de acordo com a literatura, possuindo potencial tanto para o consumo in natura quanto para a utilização na indústria, bem como proporções de tamanho adequadas para o mercado externo.
RESUMO -O uso e manejo inadequado do solo resultam em efeitos negativos para a sua estrutura, afetando atributos físicos e químicos como densidade, estabilidade dos agregados em água e teor de carbono orgânico total. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade dos agregados e relacioná-la com a densidade e carbono orgânico do solo sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade produtora de leite, localizada no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, no bioma Pampa. O solo predominante no local é classificado como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura preservada e não preservada, na camada de 0,0 a 0,10 m, sob pousio, milho e pastagem, visando avaliar a densidade do solo (Ds), a distribuição de tamanho e o diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) dos agregados e carbono orgânico total (COT). Os teores de COT diferenciaram-se estatisticamente entre os sistemas e seguem uma ordem decrescente: pousio > milho > pastagem. Os maiores valores de COT, entretanto, não se refletiram em maior DMP. Foi identificada uma relação significativa e inversa entre os valores médios de COT e de Ds, nos diferentes sistemas de uso em estudo, sendo que, quanto maior o teor de carbono orgânico, menor a densidade do solo. O solo sob pastagem apresentou maior densidade, menor teor de carbono orgânico total e menor concentração de agregados estáveis de maior tamanho, indicando uma qualidade estrutural inferior aos solos das áreas sob pousio e cultivo mínimo do milho.Palavras chave: carbono orgânico, estabilidade de agregados, pastagem, agropecuária, leite.ABSTRACT -The use and inadequate management of the soil result in negative effects on its structure, affecting physical and chemical attributes such as density, aggregate stability in water and total organic carbon content. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the stability of the aggregates and to relate it to the density and organic carbon of the soil under different systems of use and management. The work was developed in a milk producing property, located in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, in the Pampa biome. The predominant soil in the place is classified like Ultisol. Soil samples with a preserved and non preserved structure were collected in the 0.0 to 0.10 m layer under fallow, corn and pasture, aiming to evaluate soil density (Ds), size distribution and weighted average diameter of aggregates (WMD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The TOC levels were statistically different between the systems and follow a decreasing order: fallow> maize> pasture. The higher TOC values, however, were not reflected in higher WMD. A significant and inverse relationship between the mean values of TOC and Ds in the different systems of study was identified, and the higher the organic carbon content, the lower the soil density. Soil under pasture presented higher density, lower total organic carbon content and lower concentration of stable aggregates of larger size, indicating a lower structural quality than the soils under fallow and minimum maize cult...
The physicochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of fruits of six genotypes (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 and PW5) and seven commercial cultivars (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) were carried out of blueberry, from the 2019/2020 production cycle. Color, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were analyzed. In general, all genotypes and cultivars are rich in phytochemicals. The genotypes PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 and the cultivars Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax and Delite stand out. Thus, the blueberry genotypes in this study are considered as promising for the food industry and also for fresh consumption as commercial cultivars already consolidated in the fruit market, in view of the excellent phenolic composition present in these small fruits.
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