The expansion of wheat crops (Triticum spp.) to the Brazilian Cerrado highlights the need to use pathogen-free seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) and photodynamic therapy (PhT) in inhibiting the in vitro growth of the fungus Alternaria alternata, in its treatment and control in naturally contaminated wheat seeds, and in the physiological quality of the seeds. The efficacy of NPs (ZnOCl, ZnOCl:1Cu, ZnOCl:0.1Ag; ZnO:1Cu, ZnO, and ZnO:1Ag) and PhT using methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) dyes was evaluated in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. alternata and in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds by evaluating germination, emergence, GSI, ESI, accelerated ageing, and health. All NPs at 2.5 and 5 mg mL-1 concentrations and the dyes MB, TB, MB + TB at 50 and 100 µmol L-1 inhibited mycelial growth and reduced the incidence of A. alternata in the seeds. The NP ZnO:1Ag at 5 mg mL-1 and the MB + TB dye at 100 µmol L-1 were the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. NPs and PhT did not affect the physiological quality of seeds and controlled A. alternata in wheat seeds, demonstrating potential use in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds.
RESUMO A mancha óleo ou mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae é uma das doenças de maior importância da cultura, levando a danos diretos na produção e na qualidade dos frutos. O uso de sementes livres do patógeno é a principal forma de controle da doença, sendo necessário a detecção da bactéria nas sementes para evitar sua introdução em áreas isentas. O objetivo do trabalho foi detectar a presença de X. campestris pv. passiflorae em sementes de maracujá em meio de cultura. O extrato de sementes inteiras ou quebradas, desinfestadas ou não, de dois genótipos de maracujá provenientes de Uberlândia, MG foram cultivadas nos meios de cultura, 523 e NAS, sem e com a adição de cicloheximida. Não houve diferença significativa entre os meios de cultura no crescimento bacteriano. Os meios de cultura 523 e NAS, com adição de cicloheximida e o uso de sementes de maracujá quebradas foram eficientes para a detecção de X. campestris pv. passiflorae, os quais podem ser utilizados em rotina de laboratório para a detecção da bactéria em sementes.
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