Until a few years ago, the increasing number of channels delivering banking services to customers did not profoundly change the internal structure of banks (headquarters in charge of strategie functions, branches and information processing centers dispersed throughout the commercial area). The delivery of home-based services, along with nascent departments of banks in charge of the remote supervision of internai computers and information networks, involve much deeper changes in the structure of banks. Being located close to the customer is not essential anymore, since information technologies allow the production and delivery of an increasing number of bank services using the customer's phone. Therefore, the pattern of retail banking, operating a large number of branches, can be questioned. The theory according to which the headquarter of the firm, located at its geographical center, exclusively carries out strategie functions (personel, IT design, management accounting and strategy making), whereas geographically decentralized units act upon orders of the headquarter, can be questioned. The example of home-based services reveals a change in the criteria for the location of ancillary units of banks. It is becoming more important to establish a unique and highly specialized phone-based commercial marketing unit, capable of producing numerous and highly sophisticated products, than to operate a costly network of numerous generalist branches, even though they are close to the customer.
Aims: To compare and verify the agreement of the arm stroke efficiency (ȠF) results obtained by simplified (ȠFS) and three-dimensional (ȠF 3D) methods. Background: Arm stroke efficiency (ȠF) estimates how much of the force applied by the swimmers’ upper limbs contribute to their propulsion. To estimate ȠF, in front crawl stroke, three-dimensional (ȠF3D) and simplified (ȠFS) methods are highlighted. Objective: To verify if different methods estimate similar arm stroke efficiency values. Methods: Ten male swimmers (age: 21.5 ± 2.6 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.05 m; competitive swimming experience: 12.2 ± 5.0 years) were tested in three 25 m front crawl stroke bouts at low, moderate, and high intensities. The ȠF data were obtained after collecting swimming images with six synchronized cameras and later analyzed in motion reconstruction software. Results: The mean results of ȠF, respectively for ȠF3D and ȠFS, were: 34.7±2.1% and 47.4±6.4% at a low; 34.8±2.7% and 42.3±3.3% in moderate; and 33.1±2.6% and 32.4±2.9% at high intensity. Along the intensities, ȠF remained similar with ȠF3D and reduced with ȠFS. ȠF was lower with ȠF3D than with ȠFS at low and moderate intensities (p < 0.05) and similar at maximum intensity (p > 0.05). Conclusion: At maximum intensity, the ȠF values agree between the methods. The results obtained by both methods were not fully similar. ȠF3D and ȠFS results agree just at high intensity. The differences between the methods may be due to the different variables used to measure ȠF, stroke rate in the ȠFS and three-dimensional hand velocity in the ȠF3D.
Introdução: Estimativas corretas dos parâmetros inerciais de massa corporal são de fundamental importância para que análises cinemáticas do centro de massa corporal (CM) sejam mais precisas. Até hoje, as estimativas desses parâmetros inerciais ainda são baseados em protocolos a partir de tabelas gerais para a localização do CM obtidas de estudos em cadáveres. A fim de superar essa limitação, o método de zonas elípticas, e-zone, foi desenvolvido considerando segmentos corporais como zonas elípticas, podendo estimar esses parâmetros, respeitando as individualidades morfológicas corporais, e ser aplicado em diferentes populações.Objetivo: Verificar a sensibilidade de medida do método e-zone em relação à massa corporal total.Introdução: Estimativas corretas dos parâmetros inerciais de massa corporal são de fundamental importância para que análises cinemáticas do centro de massa corporal (CM) sejam mais precisas. Até hoje, as estimativas desses parâmetros inerciais ainda são baseados em protocolos a partir de tabelas gerais para a localização do CM obtidas de estudos em cadáveres. A fim de superar essa limitação, o método de zonas elípticas, e-zone, foi desenvolvido considerando segmentos corporais como zonas elípticas, podendo estimar esses parâmetros, respeitando as individualidades morfológicas corporais, e ser aplicado em diferentes populações.Métodos: Participaram do estudo 13 nadadores federados (21,7 ± 4,2 anos de idade). Foram demarcados círculos (1,5 cm de raio) em 16 acidentes anatômicos corporais. Primeiramente foram registradas as imagens de calibração por meio de fotografias obtidas por 2 câmeras digitais (Olympus HD/3D, 14 megapixels) posicionadas nos planos sagital direito e frontal a 6 m do centro do calibrador. Posteriormente foram registradas as imagens, simultaneamente, por 2 avaliadores posicionados no mesmo local do calibrador. Após esses procedimentos, os dados foram analisados em ambiente MatLab com rotina específica pela qual foram calculados os parâmetros inerciais de cada segmento.Resultados: Entre a massa corporal estimada pelo método e-zone e a massa real dos indivíduos não foi encontrada diferença, o tamanho de efeito foi trivial, houve alta correlação intra-classe e concordância dentro dos limites esperados pela análise gráfica de Bland-Altman.Conclusão: O método e-zone demonstrou ser eficaz em estimar a massa corporal.Method E-Zone to Calculate Inertial Parameters of Body MassIntroduction: Correct estimates of body mass inertial parameters are of fundamental importance for more accurate kinematic analysis of the body center of mass (CM). To date, estimates of these inertial parameters are still based on protocols from general tables to the location of the CM obtained from studies on cadavers. In order to overcome this limitation, the method of elliptic areas e-zone was developed considering body segments as elliptical areas, and can estimate these respecting the body morphological characteristics and applied in different populations.Objective: To determine the sensitivity of the measurement method e-zone relative to total body mass.Methods: This study included 13 federal swimmers (21.7 ± 4.2 years old). They were marked with painted circles (1.5 cm radius) in 16 anatomical accidents around the body. Calibration images were first registered through photographs taken by 2 digital cameras which were positioned in the right sagittal and frontal planes, 6 m from the center of the calibration device. Images of the swimmers were simultaneously obtained by two evaluators in the same location as the calibrator. After these procedures, the data were analyzed in MatLab specific routine in which the inertial parameters of each body segment were calculated.Results: Between the body mass estimated by the e-zone method and the actual mass of individuals there was no difference, the effect size was trivial, there was a high correlation intra class, and there was agreement within the expected limits by graphical analysis of Bland-Altman.Conclusion: The e-zone proved to be effective in estimating body mass.
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