Nonlinear optical processes, which are of paramount importance in science and technology, involve the generation of new frequencies. This requires phase matching to avoid that light generated at different positions interferes destructively. Of the two original approaches to achieve this, one relies on birefringence in optical crystals, and is therefore limited by the dispersion of naturally occurring materials, whereas the other, quasi-phase-matching, requires direct modulation of material properties, which is not universally possible. To overcome these limitations, we propose to exploit the unique dispersion afforded by hyperbolic metamaterials, where the refractive index can be arbitrarily large. We systematically analyse the ensuing opportunities and demonstrate that hyperbolic phase matching can be achieved with a wide range of material parameters, offering access to the use of nonlinear media for which phase matching cannot be achieved by other means. With the rapid development in the fabrication of hyperbolic metamaterials, our approach is destined to bring significant advantages over conventional techniques for the phase matching of a variety of nonlinear processes.
To cite this version:Luc Perret, Luc Chassagne, Suat Topsu, Pascal Ruaux, Barthélemy Cagneau, et al.. Fiber optics sensor for sub-nanometric displacement and wide bandwidth systems. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical , Elsevier, 2010, pp.189-193 , 165, 189-193 (2011).
AbstractIn this paper, we report fiber optics sensor with sub-nanometric resolution and wide bandwidth. It relies on an increase of the reception fibers number and on low-noise electronics. Moreover, a reference channel has been implemented using a semi-reflective plate to eliminate the source fluctuations and the fiber sensor was isolated to limit external influence of temperature and pressure. Thus we achieve both a sub-nanometric resolution on a 400 ms integration time and a long-term drift as low as 40 nm.h -1 . The setup has been also adapted to high speed applications by increasing the bandwidth up to 38 kHz. It can display a 28 nm peak-to-peak limit of resolution on an aluminized piezoactuator. It has been successfully used to test the resonance frequency of a vibrating plate actuated by two highfrequency prototypes of piezoactuators. These improvements lead to low cost fibers optic sensors interesting for non-contact displacement measurements with high sensitivity.
In this paper, we report a new method of thermal characterization of optical fibers using wavelength-sweeping interferometry and discuss its advantages compared to other techniques. The setup consists of two temperature-stabilized interferometers, a reference Michelson and a Mach-Zehnder, containing the fiber under test. The wavelength sweep is produced by an infrared tunable laser diode. We obtained the global phase shift coefficients of a large effective area fiber and gold-coated fiber optics with a 10(-7) accuracy.
We report the influence of the nonlinearities in the wavelength-sweeping speed on the resulting interferometric signals in an absolute distance interferometer. The sweeping signal is launched in the reference and target interferometers from an external cavity laser source. The experimental results demonstrate a good resolution in spite of the presence of nonlinearities in the wavelength sweep. These nonlinearities can be modeled by a sum of sinusoids. A simulation is then implemented to analyze the influence of their parameters. It shows that a sinusoidal nonlinearity is robust enough to give a good final measurement uncertainty through a Fourier transform technique. It can be concluded that an optimal value of frequency and amplitude exists in the case of a sinusoidal nonlinearity.
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