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Keratitis of varied etiology is not uncommon in the Indian subcontinent. This case is one such an instance of keratitis caused by dematiaceous fungus in an urban dweller not engaged in farming or any other soil/earth-related work. Although healing of the ulcer occurred in the usual course, thinning persisted for a fortnight. This case highlights medroxyprogesterone acetate used topically to achieve collagen synthesis, thereby affect repair of the thinned cornea.

ABSTRACT:The causal role of human papilloma virus in all cancers of uterine cervix has been confirmed. HPV infection of uterine cervix is associated with development of a spectrum of benign and malignant epithelial lesions. Morphological changes in the epithelial cells associated with HPV have been reported in up to 91% of women with invasive and intraepithelial neoplasia. With over 120 specific types described, type 16 and 18 are linked mainly to cervical neoplasia. Human papilloma virus although necessary but is not a sufficient cause. There are cofactors necessary for progression from cervical HIV infection to cancer. Long term use of hormonal contraceptives, high parity, socio-economic status, tobacco smoking, and young age at coitus has been identified as established cofactors. PAP smear has become a routine method of cervical cancer screening and its clinical utilization has certain limitations like false negative rate (Elovainio et al, 1999 reported 20%). Colposcopy (introduced in 1925 by Hans Hinselmann) as an adjunct to cytology possibly increases the accuracy of cervical cancer detection to almost 100%. It evaluates changes in terminal vascular network that reflects biochemical and metabolic changes in tissue that are earliest changes in development of cancer cervix. It is an O. P. D. procedure, no prior preparation or anesthesia required. Follow up of patients by HPV DNA detection can be used as an adjunctive to cytology preventing the requirement of unnecessary invasive interventions. Detection of Human Papilloma Virus by polymerase chain reaction along with screening by cytology can augment our ability to diagnose the cases in its early stage which will prove useful in preventing the cases of carcinoma cervix.

Background: Neuroblastoma is the neurogenic, extracranial solid tumor of infancy and children emerging anywhere along with the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Methods: An eight months old boy presented with chief complaints of sub-cutaneous non-tender nodule on the flexor aspect of forearm, pain and fullness of abdomen, emesis, mild bone pain. Complete blood profile and other biochemical parameter were within normal limits. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed tumour cells having high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio bare nuclei, which were round to oval in shape. Homer wright rosette arrangement was formed by tumor cells that were radially arranged in a circle. The neuropil, which was stained as eosinophilic material was seen in the center of rosette arrangement. Conclusions: Hence on the basis of age and rare cutaneous presentation along with cytological findings; clinical features and radiological findings we can provide a diagnosis of metastasis neuroblastoma.

A 32-year-old male was clinically diagnosed as having acute anterior uveitis with secondary glaucoma. He was continued on previously prescribed steroid and antiglaucoma medications topically. Past history of trauma in same eye and vesicular eruptions near lips was positive. Aqueous sample was sent for real time PCR for herpes simplex due to strong clinical suspicion. It tested positive for HSV. Complete resolution occurred in 3 weeks with oral Valacyclovir 500 mg TDS and topical Gancyclovir 0.15% TDS for 2 weeks followed by once a day for next 2 weeks. Acyclovir 400 mg bi-daily was continued for one year orally to prevent recurrence.

Purpose: To explore straight incision technique in terms of efficacy for intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering by small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) trab versus modified “frown” incision with triangular scleral flap technique. Methods: This study was done at a tertiary health center. It included 44 eyes diagnosed with cataract and coexisting primary glaucoma that underwent SICS with trabeculectomy using modified “frown” incision with triangular scleral flap technique and straight incision in group A ( n = 22) and B ( n = 22), respectively. Postoperative evaluation was done at first postoperative day, then at the end of first week, third week, and 6 weeks; at the end of third month and finally at the end of sixth months. Data were entered and analyzed via Microsoft Excel sheet and SPSS software using Mann–Whitney U test for averages and Chi-square test for categorical values. Results: Mean preoperative IOP in groups A and B were 38.6 and 29.1 mm Hg respectively, by applanation tonometry. After 6-month follow-up, mean of difference in IOP (preoperative – postoperative) for group A was 20.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg and that for group B was 17.2 ± 13.5 mm Hg. Conclusion: Capacity of IOP reduction of both techniques was found to be comparable and did not show much difference up to the end of 6 months. Mastering technique of group A (modified “frown” incision with triangular scleral flap technique) requires more expertise; the simpler straight incision technique provided in group B may be effectively used by the novice and current era Ophthalmologists to combat glaucoma coexistant with cataract.

Introduction: sympathetic ophthalmitis is a rare condition. It occurs due to bilateral granulomatous pan uveitis following penetrating trauma or surgery in one eye. Penetrating injury to eye causes exposure of uveoretinal antigens to regional lymph nodes via conjunctival lymphatics thereby inciting delayed t cell hypersensitivity. case report: A 35-year-old male patient presented with headache and sudden painless dimunition of vision in both eyes preceded by development of adherent leucoma in left eye due to a perforated bacterial corneal ulcer five months before. best corrected visual acuity was finger counting close to face in both eyes. Anterior segment examination revealed few keratic precipitates (KPs), 1+ cells and retrolenticular flare in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed exudative retinal detachment in right eye but left eye could not be assessed due to adherent leucoma. b-scan ultrasonography (b-scan

This communication is to report a rare case of conjunctival myxoma. A 65 years old female presented with gradually increasing painless swelling in inferotemporal conjunctiva in right eye which was excised under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed myxoma. The clinical presentations, differential diagnosis and histopathological features are discussed here under.