New therapeutic approaches are necessary to control strongyloidiasis due to the side effects of, and resistance to, currently available drugs thiabendazole, albendazole, and ivermectin. This study examined the anthelmintic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Siparuna guianensis against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae, using the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval motility test (LMT). Albendazole (0.025 mg/ml) and ivermectin (0.316 mg/ml) were used as the positive controls for the EHT and LMT assays, respectively. Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs or larvae (±50 specimens) were treated with ethanol extract (0.05–1.0 mg/ml), ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (0.05–0.8 mg/ml), essential oil (0.2–1.0 mg/ml) and α-bisabolol (0.2–1.0 mg/ml) from S. guianensis, and analysed by optical microscopy after 48 h (EHT), or after 24, 48 and 72 h (LMT). All the tested compounds exhibited ovicidal activity equivalent to the positive control and changed the morphology of the eggs. The S. guianensis ethanol extract and aqueous fraction were as effective as the positive control. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract and fractions revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. Therefore, S. guianensis is effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, and can be considered as a potential alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis.
Obesity can disturb spermatogenesis and subsequently affect male fertility and reproduction. In our study, we aim to elucidate at which cellular level of adult spermatogenesis the detrimental effects of obesity manifest. We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr−/−.Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. We examined sperm DNA damage and chromatin condensation and measured plasma levels of leptin, testosterone, cholesterol and triglycerides. HFD-induced obesity caused high plasma leptin and abnormal testosterone levels and induced an aberrant intra-tubular organisation (ITO) which is associated with an altered spermatids/spermatocytes ratio (2:1 instead of 3:1). Mice fed a HFD had a higher level of tubules in stages VII + VIII in the spermatogenic cycle. The stages VII + VII indicate crucial processes in spermatogenic development like initiation of meiosis, initiation of spermatid elongation, and release of fully matured spermatids. In conclusion, HFD-induced obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice develop an aberrant ITO and alterations in the spermatogenic cycle in crucial stages (stages VII and VII). Thereby, our findings stress the importance of lifestyle guidelines in infertility treatments.
The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether male rats that receive a hypercaloric diet only during the juvenile period (Postnatal Day [PND] 23 to PND65) and a normocaloric diet thereafter exhibit changes in reproductive aspects in adulthood. Body weight gain during the juvenile period and adulthood and the morphology of adipose tissue in adulthood were recorded to determine the effects of the hypercaloric diet. We also evaluated the time of balanopreputial separation, serum testosterone levels, and sexual behavior. Obesity and being overweight are related to an inflammatory process. Therefore, we also examined tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in adulthood. Compared with the control group that received only the normocaloric diet, the hypercaloric diet group exhibited an increase in body weight on PND65 and PND90, impairment of sexual behavior, an increase in the number of large adipocytes relative to small cells, a decrease in testosterone levels, and an increase in plasma TNF-α levels. The hypercaloric diet during the juvenile period caused the rats to become overweight, although they were subsequently fed a normocaloric diet until adulthood. The hypercaloric diet resulted in reproductive impairment, reflected by a reduction of sexual behavior, low serum testosterone levels, a reduction of sexual organ weight, and an increase in TNF-α levels.
The quality of life in cancer patients is largely related to the activity of the immune system. Clinical reports show improvement in the quality of life of terminally ill patients treated with the homeopathic medicine carbo animalis, however, the literature on this subject is rare. The objective of this study was to propose an experimental model to study the possible effects of carbo animalis in the immune response to a highly malignant carcinoma, as well as their impact on the general condition of the sick animals. Male Balb/c mice were inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor and treated with carbo animalis 6cH or 6cH + 30cH (potency association). The control group was treated with the same succussioned vehicle. Clinical signs, survival and the local immune response (peritoneal) were evaluated. T lymphocytes, B1 and B2, NK cells and phagocytes were identified and quantified by immuno-cytochemistry and flow cytometry. Animals treated with carbo animalis 6cH + 30cH showed increase of incidence in clinical signs comparing to the other groups. The local immune response, showed increase in the proportion of CD25+ cells in relation to total T cells and increase of B1 cells compared to B2 cells in the group treated with carbo animalis 6cH. In contrast, animals treated with carbo animalis 6cH + 30cH showed increase in the number of CD3+ cells and NK cells, both adhered to tumor cells. Although the clinical significance of these findings are still under discussion, this preliminary work provides a useful experimental protocol for the study of the mechanisms of this remedy and shows the possible relevance of homeopathic potencies association in the anti-neoplasm treatments.
INTRODUÇÃO:O domínio dos conhecimentos sobre saúde bucal pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) pode apresentar grande relevância social, na medida em que suas ações educativas podem beneficiar um maior número de pessoas num menor espaço de tempo, tornando-as corresponsáveis pela preservação e promoção de sua saúde bucal. Para isso o conhecimento odontológico deveria ser desmonopolizado e transmitido a partir de metodologias ativas para a educação em saúde, sendo multiplicado nas famílias e contribuindo para aumentar a autonomia da população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicação de uma capacitação, baseada em metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem para ACS sobre educação em saúde bucal. RELATO DE CASO: Para realizar a capacitação foi feito um diagnóstico inicial do conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto, através de questionário estruturado e aplicado aos ACS. Após levantada a demanda de conhecimento foi elaborada e aplicada a capacitação a partir de metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem com avaliação somativa logo após o término da atividade. A atividade foi desenvolvida na UBS Maria Custódia Ferreira da Silva em Nova Xavantina/MT, ao longo de um dia. DISCUSSÃO: O tempo de trabalho médio dos profissionais como ACS é de aproximadamente 16 anos. Das vinte (20) questões apresentadas doze ( 12) respostas (60%) se mantiveram iguais no primeiro e segundo questionário; sete (7) respostas (35%) aumentaram a porcentagem de acertos e cinco (5) respostas (25%) diminuíram a porcentagem de acertos. CONCLUSÃO: Essa pesquisa apontou para a importância de trabalhar educação em saúde bucal com ACS, utilizando metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizado que facilitem a absorção de conhecimento. Além disso, a capacitação aumentou a motivação dos ACS em realizar a educação em saúde em suas microáreas, por se sentirem mais preparados e confiantes. Metodologias que aumentem a retenção, trabalhando os assuntos pertinentes à saúde bucal devem ser aplicadas no sentido de alcançar melhores resultados. Nesse sentido aplicativos e conteúdos interativos podem ser caminhos adotados futuramente.Palavras-chave: Promoção da saúde, Agentes comunitários de saúde, Saúde bucal, Metodologias ativas, Estratégia saúde da família.
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