The observed biological activity in two New Zealand Myrsine species has been shown to be due to the presence of triterpene saponins. From Myrsine australis a series of eight oleanane-type saponins was obtained, with compounds 1-4 and 7 and 8 being novel. Also isolated were ardisiacrispin A [5] and ardisiacrispin B [6]. The structures of the new compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Extracts of Myrsine salicina yielded only one saponin, 5. Saponins 1-8 were shown to be combinations of four oleanane triterpenes bonded to beta-D-xylp(1-->2)-beta-D-glcp(1-->4)-[beta-D-glcp(1-->2)]-alpha-L -arap (compounds 1, 3, 5, 7) and this same tetrasaccharide with alpha-L-rhap replacing the beta-D-xylp unit (compounds 2, 4, 6, 8).

No abstract

Objective: This study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of the biosimilar TAB008 monoclonal antibody to bevacizumab (Avastin ® ) in normal healthy Chinese male volunteers. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel controlled study, a total of 100 healthy Chinese male subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive a single 1 mg/kg intravenous dose of TAB008 or Avastin ® over a 90-min infusion. The subjects were followed for 99 days after drug administration. Primary endpoints were bioequivalence of major pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC 0-t and AUC 0-∞ ) and maximum observed serum concentration (C max ). Secondary endpoints included safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: The two groups of test subjects (49 subjects in the TAB008 group and 50 subjects in the Avastin ® group) were well matched in regards to all demographic and baseline characteristics. The treatment group ratios of LS geometric means for the three primary PK parameters were fully contained within the bioequivalence limits of 80.00–125.00% (90% CI was 103.66–118.33% for C max , 94.32–111.72% for AUC 0-t , and 94.69–112.23% for AUC 0-∞ ). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported for 24 (49.0%) subjects in the TAB008 group and 22 (44.0%) subjects in the Avastin ® group. TEAEs related to the study drug were reported for 19 (38.8%) subjects in the TAB008 group and 19 (38.0%) subjects in the Avastin ® group. National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) Grade 3 TEAEs were reported for 1 (2.0%) subject in the TAB008 group and 3 (6.0%) subjects in the Avastin ® group. There were no Grade 4 or 5 TEAEs or serious adverse events (SAEs) during the study. Anti-drug antibody generation was reported once only in each group, and neutralizing antibody (Nab) analysis was negative upon follow-up. Conclusion: TAB008 attained pharmacokinetic similarity to bevacizumab, and was safe and well tolerated.

The sustainable separation process for the recovery of acetonitrile from wastewater is essential to achieve the circular economy and environmental protection. In this work, we demonstrate systematically a methodology to develop an energy-efficient extractive distillation process for separating the acetonitrile and water azeotrope. First, the separation performances of candidate entrainers, i.e., ionic liquids (ILs) and ethylene glycol (EG), were determined using the residue curve maps. Second, the boundaries of decision variables for optimization procedures were obtained via the sensitivity analysis, and the nonsorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to get the optimal operating parameters of conventional and heat-integrated schemes using EG and three ILs. Third, three indicators including the total annual cost, gas emissions, and thermodynamic efficiency were used to evaluate the economic, environmental, and energy efficiency performances of conventional and intensified schemes. Using the conventional EG process as a basis, the heat-integrated scheme using [EMIM]­[OAC] shows the best performance as it gives the reductions of 26.3% and 22.1% in the total annual cost and gas emissions, respectively, and an absolute increase of 0.44 in the second-law efficiency.

Diabetes affected over 30 million U.S. adults in 2015, and its comorbidities remained among the leading causes of premature death and reduced quality of life. However, little is known about the secular trend of diabetes comorbidities in the last 20 years. Sample-weighted prevalence of twelve common comorbidities of diabetes was estimated using data from 52,842 adults aged ≥18 years who had diabetes in the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 through 2016, with age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. We ranked the prevalence [% (SE)] of twelve diabetes comorbidities, and the top five were hypertension [53.7(3.1)], arthritis [33.2(3.1)], asthma [17.2(2.9)], coronary heart disease [CHD: 14.4(2.3)]), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD: 9.1(2.3)]. From 1997 to 2016, the estimated prevalence (%) of diabetes comorbidities including hypertension (47.8 to 59.7), asthma (13.2 to 21.0), cancer (7.6 to 10.4), and liver cirrhosis (3.0 to 4.1) continuingly increased (P<0.05), while CHD (15.4 to 13.4), COPD (10.1 to 8.0), and hepatitis (5.5 to 2.9) declined (P<0.05). Such trends were similar among subgroups stratified by gender or by race. In the past two decades, along with continuing increase of diabetes, the rates of its comorbidities including hypertension, asthma, cancer, and liver cirrhosis showed increasing trends, whereas the rates of CHD, COPD, and hepatitis exhibited decreasing trends in the U.S. adults. Disclosure D. Sun: None. T. Zhou: None. X. Li: None. Y. Heianza: None. X. Shang: None. V. Fonseca: Consultant; Self; Abbott. Board Member; Self; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Amgen Inc.. Consultant; Self; Asahi Kasei Corporation, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc., ADOCIA, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. L. Qi: None.

Identification of proteins is an important issue both in medical research and in clinical practice as a large number of proteins are closely related to various diseases. Optical sensor arrays with recognition ability have been flourished to apply for distinguishing multiple chemically or structurally similar analytes and analyzing unknown or mixed samples. This review gives an overview of the recent development of array-based discriminative optical biosensors for recognizing proteins and their applications in real samples. Based on the number of sensor elements and the complexity of constructing array-based discriminative systems, these biosensors can be divided into three categories, which include multi-element-based sensor arrays, environment-sensitive sensor arrays and multi-wavelength-based single sensing systems. For each strategy, the construction of sensing platform and detection mechanism are particularly introduced. Meanwhile, the differences and connections between different strategies were discussed. An understanding of these aspects may help to facilitate the development of novel discriminative biosensors and expand their application prospects.

The original target tracking algorithm based on a single model has long been unable to meet the complex and changeable characteristics of the target, and then there are problems such as poor tracking accuracy, target loss, and model mismatch. The interactive multimodel algorithm uses multiple motion models to track the target, obtains the degree of adaptation between the actual motion state of the target and each model according to the calculated likelihood function, and then combines the updated weight values of each filter to obtain a weighted sum. Therefore, the interactive multimodel algorithm can achieve better performance. This paper proposes an improved interactive multimodel algorithm that can achieve player tracking and trajectory feature matching. First, this paper proposes an improved Kalman filtering (IKF) algorithm. This method is developed from the unbiased conversion measurement Kalman filter, which can obtain more accurate target state and covariance estimation. Secondly, using the parallel processing mode of the IMM algorithm to efficiently solve the data association between multiple filters, the IMM-IKF model is proposed. Finally, in order to solve the problem of low computational efficiency and high mismatch rate in image feature point matching, a method of introducing a minimum spanning tree in two-view matching is proposed. Experimental results show that the improved IMM-IKF algorithm can quickly respond to changes in the target state and can find the matching path with the lowest matching cost. In the case of ensuring the matching accuracy, the real-time performance of image matching is ensured.

In both the HTML and PDF versions of this Data Descriptor, the author name Jason Flannick was incorrectly listed as Flannick Jason.