Summary Background. Recurrent wheezing may be related to various reasons. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of vitamin D status in the children with recurrent wheezing. The aim of this study is to compare the level of vitamin D between recurrent wheezing children and healthy controls, and to investigate the relationship between vitamin 21.66 ± 8.13 ng/mL (5.6-53) in the study group and 25.36 ± 10.17 ng/ mL (6-59) M. Dogru, L.P. Seren relative (mother, father, sibling) had allergic disease. Milk consumption of cases was not evaluated, because milk is not fortified with vitamin D in our country. The percentage of eosinophils, immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and serum 25OHD levels were measured. RW patients were classified according to the number of wheezing episodes in the previous year as having had up to 3 episodes / year (n = 61) or > 3 episodes / year (n = 49). Excluding CriteriaPatients receiving multivitamin support or any systemic glucocorticoid therapy, patients with obesity (body mass index > 95.p), patients with the clinical findings of rickets (o-bain, x-bain etc.), with any (clinical or laboratory) history of congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease (such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis), tuberculosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, immunodeficiency, neurologic or metabolic diseases were excluded.

AbstractsMethods A questionnaire was administered that addressed gender, age, number of household members, monthly family income, history of jaundice and immunization, number of rooms in the house, education level of the parents, day-care/school attendance, and type of water supply. The socioeconomic status score of each child was determined by summing the scores for monthly family income, education level of the parents, number of rooms in the house and number of people living in the house. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for anti-HAV IgG. Results Significant associations between anti-HAV seropositivity and socioeconomic status, age under 6 years old and attending daycare, a history of jaundice and monthly family income were found (p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001, p=0.04, respectively). Only the association between the history of jaundice and anti-HAV seropositivity remained significant in the multivariate analysis, with an adjusted Odds ratio of 13.1 (range: 2.9-59.5; p=0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed an inverse correlation between HAV seropositivity and socioeconomic status. A high in-house population and paternal education level were not a significant factor increasing the risk of anti-HAV positivity. However, as the maternal education level increased, less HAV positivity was recorded. Background and Aims Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, clinical features varying from asymptomatic infection to severe systemic manifestations. Brazil has one of the highest incidence rates of congenital toxoplasmosis in the world with estimated rates of 1:3000 live births. Knowledge of the incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of infections during pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal period is relevant because it may cause damage to the fetus and newborn, representing a public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is evaluate the quality of neonatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods Retrospective study based on data collected from the medical records of 39 newborns Alcides Carneiro Hospital (HAC) in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 2010 to February 2012 whose mothers had seroconversion for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. We analyzed maternal serology and treatment and clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological newborn. Results Forty percent of pregnant women under which seroconverted in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, 33% at 2 and 13% in first trimester. Underwent treatment 35%, 15% and 0% respectively. There were no clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis, all showed negative IgM and IgG positive 62%. In imaging tests, 5% had changed transfontanel ultrasound (49% unknown), 1% fundoscopy losses (51% ignored), and skull radiography unchanged (23% ignored). Conclusion Given the survey data, we conclude that there was poor adherence to native implementation of adequate prenatal care, underestimation of suspected cases with disabilities in serological screening, limited availability of laboratory diagnosti...

Abstractsserotypes with the exception of serotype 19A which is covered only by PCV13. Serotype 19A has steadily increased in prevalence and become increasingly resistant to common antibiotic classes. Rational antibiotic use and vaccination of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines should be considered as essential strategies for prevention of pediatric invasive infections in Turkey. Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted by the fecaloral route, and the epidemiology of HAV is associated with hygiene and socioeconomic status. However, due to improvements in living conditions, there is an epidemiological shift in HAV infection. Methods In this study, we investigated the seropositivity for HAV in children aged between 2 and 18 years. In addition, we compared the results with previously reported seropositivity data from the same center in Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey, from 1996. Results The mean age of the 400 children was 7.9±3.7 years (range: 2-18). Of the 400 serum samples collected, all were tested for anti-HAV IgG, and 50 (12.5%) were positive. The rates of anti-HAV seropositivity within the age groups of 2-< 6, 6-< 10 and 10-18 years were determined. The seropositivity increased with increasing age: 11.5% in the 2-to < 6-year-old group and 13.2% in the 10-to 18-yearold group. Conclusions There was a significant decline in the overall seropositivity for anti-HAV between 1996 and 2011 (p<0.001), and the pediatric age group has a high risk of HAV infection. SHIFTING SEROPOSITIVITY FOR HEPATITISAbstract 269 Figure 1 Shifting seropositivity for Hepatitis A In 1996, the overall seropositivity was 41.3%. In the 1996 study, the seropositivity was 35.2% in 2-to < 6-year-old age group, 35.3% in the 6-to < 10-year-old age group and 54.3% in children older than 10 years. Given the serological shift over time, greater susceptibility and a persistent risk of exposure to HAV suggest that outbreaks are possible. Background and Aims Transmission of immune competence from mothers to newborns is crucial for optimal development of neonate immune system. Maternal perinatal probiotics supplementation having been observed to be able to modulate this process, the goal of the present study was to investigate the importance of the time window of probiotics intervention (pregnancy/lactation) on early-life immune maturation and response to immunization. Methods Pregnant C57/BL6 mice were supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-3446, 2.5x10 8 CFU/day, during either end of gestation and lactation, end of gestation only or lactation only. Maltodextrin was given during both periods (placebo) or in replacement of probiotics when not administered. Immune maturation was assessed by measuring natural mucosal IgA production (ELISPOTs) at weaning and 6 weeks later. Pups were mucosally immunized at weaning, and again four weeks later, with live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium ΔaroA. Two weeks after the second immunization, specific antibody responses in serum were analyzed. Results All probiotic regimens significantly enhance...

Background Chronic cough is one of the most common symptoms in children. Postinfectious etiologies plays an important role in chronic cough in childhood. The pathogenesis of the postinfectious cough may be related persistant inflammation and the epithelial damage in the upper and lower airways, with or without transient airway hyperresponsiveness. We evaluated Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae serology and treatment in children referred with chronic cough. Methods This study enrolled 41 children between 6 and 14 years of age having cough which lasted than 4 weeks. They were evaluated according to American College of Chest Physicians guideline. Pulmonary function test and chest x-ray were performed to all patients. M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae serologies were analayzed by ELISA. They were reevaluated with 2 to 4 weeks intervals until cough disappeared. Results The study included 41 children, 27 of whom were female (65.9%). The mean age was 8.00±1.96 year. M. pneumoniae IgM positivity was found in 17.07% (7/41) of patients, C. pneumoniae IgM positivity in 2.85% (1/35), M. pneumoniae IgM and/or IgG positivity in 41.46% (17/41), C. pneumoniae IgM and/or IgG positivity in 25.7% (9/35). Symptoms were not improved alone with clarithromycine treatment so inhaled/nasal steroids were added according to diagnosis. Conclusion In children with chronic chough, aged 6 to 14 years old, M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae play important roles in the etiology. Clarithromycine alone may not be enough in the treatment of chronic cough due to these agents, so the treatment should be planned according to clinical findings.