Background:Statins have long been used for the protection against coronary artery disease (CAD). Their beneficial effect apart from cholesterol reduction lies in their pleiotropic properties. Emerging evidence from laboratory studies and clinical trials as well have pointed out the pivotal role of inflammation on the initiation and exacerbation of atherosclerosis; a major cause of CAD. Inflam-mation markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules are shown to in-crease in CAD patients and are used as prognostic tools. It is well known that statins can actually re-duce the circulating levels of these agents slowing therefore the inflammatory process; interestingly not all types have the same outcome.Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory effect of statins on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the function of endothelial cells is thus of particular importance as these agents can actually ameliorate CAD prognosis

Cushing's syndrome (CS) causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anovulatory infertility due to hypercortisolism, and it is very rare in pregnancy. CS in pregnancy is associated with important maternal-foetal morbidity and mortality, such as preeclampsia and premature delivery. A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE library to retrieve articles reporting cases of CS in pregnant women, during the period between 2010 and 2020. Thirty-five reported cases are presented focusing on the ability of diagnosis, treatment therapies, and foetal outcomes. Diagnosis of CS during pregnancy can be challenging and is often delayed, adrenal adenoma being the predominant cause. Both medical treatment and surgery aiming at restoring the cortisol balance reduce maternal and foetal complications.

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: A new group of hypoglycemic drugs has been used to treat diabetes type 2. This group is active sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) or SGLT2 inhibitors. It has been shown that besides the treatment of diabetes, this drug class is responsible for the mildness of the cardiovascular events shown in patients with diabetes type 2. However, there is an intriguing question regarding the range of SGLT2 inhibitors and if there is a difference between them or if there is a class effect among their results. EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and the CVD-study are used to answer this question. Additional information from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 and Dapa-HF trials are studied.

Background/Aim: Lipid-lowering drugs have been suggested to affect neurocognitive function. This review aimed to give the latest evidence on the way these agents affect neurocognitive function based on clinical trials. Materials and Methods: A systematic search concerning original studies from 2015 to 2020 was performed through the databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The trials enrolled numerous patients and were conducted in different areas of the world. The terms used are cholesterol, lipid-lowering drugs, statins and cognitive function. Results: Eleven randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. The trials included patients suffering from cardiovascular conditions. In particular, patients with coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease risk equivalents and hypercholesterolemia were tested. The trials included evolocumab, alirocumab, statin, ezetimibe or placebo. Conclusion: Lipid-lowering drugs seem to have no significant effect on neurocognitive function, but further research specifically focused on this matter is needed.Previous evidence has shown that the more risk factors for vascular disease one has in middle age, the greater the risk for dementia later in life. High risk cholesterol levels are among the risk factors. Evidence suggests that LDL is associated with cognitive impairment while HDL improves memory (1).Cognitive impairment relates to attention, processing speed, learning, memory and verbal flexibility. Studies of two rare diseases, Down's syndrome and Niemann Pick type 3109 This article is freely accessible online.