Background:Statins have long been used for the protection against coronary artery disease (CAD). Their beneficial effect apart from cholesterol reduction lies in their pleiotropic properties. Emerging evidence from laboratory studies and clinical trials as well have pointed out the pivotal role of inflammation on the initiation and exacerbation of atherosclerosis; a major cause of CAD. Inflam-mation markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules are shown to in-crease in CAD patients and are used as prognostic tools. It is well known that statins can actually re-duce the circulating levels of these agents slowing therefore the inflammatory process; interestingly not all types have the same outcome.Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory effect of statins on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the function of endothelial cells is thus of particular importance as these agents can actually ameliorate CAD prognosis

Introduction Fractures are quite common, especially among the elderly. However, they can increase in prevalence in younger ages too if the bone health is not good. This may happen as a result of bad nutrition. Methods A customized, retrospective review of available literature was performed using the following keywords: bone health, nutrition, and fractures. Results Insufficient intake of certain vitamins, particularly A and D, and other nutrients, such as calcium, may affect bone health or even the time and degree of bone healing in case of fracture. The importance of different nutrients, both dietary and found in food supplements, is discussed concerning bone health and fracture healing. Conclusion A healthy diet with adequate amounts of both macro- and micronutrients is essential, for both decreasing fracture risk and enhancing the healing process after fracture.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and unfortunately is not associated with good prognosis. Treatment of breast cancer mainly depends on chemotherapy, due to the lack of specifically approved targeted therapies for TNBC. It is of paramount importance to find new therapeutic approaches, as resistance to chemotherapy frequently occurs. Herein, we present clinical studies published within the last five years, in order to reveal possible targeted therapies against TNBC. We aimed to discuss factors against TNBC, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-androgens, poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, immune checkpoints and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI). Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway seems to be a promising field for the development of new anti-TNBC targeted therapies. Data from 18 clinical trials with patients suffering from TNBC were summarized and presented descriptively. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in females, comprising heterogeneous tumors with a variety of biological features, clinical course, prognosis and response to therapy (1, 2). In 2017, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounted for about 15% of all the new cases of breast cancer in the United States (3-7). Many different epidemiological studies have revealed that TNBC was more likely to arise among females characterized by early menarche, higher waist to hip ratio, higher parity, shorter duration of breast feeding, higher body mass index, and was more common among pre-menopausal patients (8). TNBC is a disease defined by the absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptors (HR), specifically the progesterone (PR) and the estrogen receptor (ER) (9) (Figure 1). There are at least 6 different subtypes, which demonstrate different biological behavior, including the basal-like 1 and 2 (BL-1 and BL-2), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), immunomodulatory (IM), luminal androgen receptor (LAR) and unstable subtype (7, 10).

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: The globalization of the Western lifestyle has resulted in a dramatic increase of diabetes mellitus, a complex, multifactorial disease. Diabetes mellitus is a condition often associated with disorders of the cardiovascular system. It is well established that three quarters of diabetics, aged over 40, will die from cardiovascular disease and are more likely than non-diabetics to die from their first cardiovascular event. Therefore, risk stratification is necessary to individualize treatment. Age above 40 years, diabetes diagnosis of more than 10 years, the presence of a first degree family history with premature CHD, male gender, high blood pressure, LDL above 100 mg/dl, low renal function, microalbuminuria, presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, erectile dysfunction and specially metabolic syndrome, chronic hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia are conditions that increase cardiovascular risk. : Several models have been developed in order to assess cardiovascular risk in people with and without diabetes. Some of them have been proven to be inadequate while others are widely used for years. An emerging way of risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus is the use of biomarkers but a lot of research needs to be done on this field in order to have solid conclusions.