The role of commemorative events for event tourism has received marginal attention.Existing research primarily considers commemorative events for their social and political significance within the nation. This paper argues that commemorative events defined as 'iconic-historic' can play an important role for event tourism. Using the 20 th and 25 th anniversaries of the fall of the Berlin Wall as archetypical examples, this in-depth qualitative study contends that such iconic-historic commemorative events may be as significant as hallmark events within strategic event portfolios. The contributions of this paper are the definition of iconic-historic events as distinct forms of commemorative events; the recognition of the potential significance of these events to event tourism; and the development of a commemorative portfolio which can inform the established event portfolio for strategic event tourism management. The paper concludes by making recommendations for the use of such events in event tourism settings.
This article presents a comparative study of the destination competitiveness of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Macau and those strategies developed to enhance their future positions in the global destination "marketplace." The methodology adopted is secondary in nature in that a critical review of the existing literature was conducted along with a synthesis of current practices across the three city-state destinations. The 15 Cs Framework provides the research parameters for the study in that it advocates an inclusive approach to those challenges and opportunities facing destinations as they seek to enhance their overall competitiveness. In particular, the study explores the specific approaches of the three destinations in terms of their similarity to thematically grouped clusters of the 15 Cs. The article closes by highlighting particular opportunities and challenges and potential management approaches that could be adopted within the destinations for the future.
We explore the case for a Deaf festival in Edinburgh, the self-proclaimed 'world leading Festival City'. The formal recognition of British Sign Language in the BSL (Scotland) Act 2015 is paramount to the cultural and political context. Joining English and Gaelic in Scotland's linguistic landscape, BSL legally summons cultural representation in public life. We approach the study through two distinct methodologies. Firstly, we adopt a discourse analysis of the festival policy that constructs Edinburgh's festival networks and prioritizes distinct mobilities. Secondly, we draw upon a participative debate the authors organised as part of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2019.The paper contributes to the critical examination of festivals as sites of diversity and inclusivity, both at the point of production and consumption. In doing so, we suggest that greater representation of Deaf and disabled communities in festival networks is a pre-requisite to festivals as inclusive public spaces.
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