Introduction. Manufactured Colas are consumed universally as soft drinks. Evidence about the acid contents of Cola-beverages and its effects on teeth is rare. Aim. To assess (i) cola acidity and buffering capacity in vitro, (ii) tooth erosion after swishing with colas in vivo (iii) scanning electron microscopic effects on teeth of colas, and tooth-brush abrasion, and (iv) report a
clinical case of erosion from cola consumption. Materials and Methods. (i) We measured six commercially available pop
“Cola beverages”, pH, and buffering capacities using a pH-Mettler Automatic Titrator, with weak solution of Sodium Hydroxide (ii) two cohorts, one with teeth, the second without teeth rinsed with aliquots of Cola for 60 seconds. Swished cola samples tested for calcium and phosphorus contents using standardized chemical analytical methods (iii) enamel, dentine, and the enamel-cemental junction from unerupted extracted wisdom teeth were examined with a scanning electron microscope after exposure to colas, and tested for tooth-brush abrasion; (iv) a clinical case of pop cola erosion presentation, are all described. Results. Comparisons among pop colas tested in vitro reveal high acidity with very low pH. Buffering capacities in millilitres of 0.5 M NaOH needed to increase one pH unit, to pH 5.5 and pH 7 are reported. Rinsing in vivo with pop cola causes leeching of calcium from teeth; SEM shows dental erosion, and pop-cola consumption induces advanced dental erosion and facilitates abrasion. Conclusions. (i) Pop-Cola acid activity is below the critical pH 5.5 for tooth dissolution, with high buffering capacities countering neutralization effects of saliva; (ii) calcium is leeched out of teeth after rinsing with pop colas; (iii) SEM evidence explains why chronic exposure to acid pop colas causes dental frangibles; (iv) a clinical case of pop-cola erosion confirms this.
Spirochetes are markedly prevalent in periodontal disease but are not included as predominant cultivable organisms because of the inability to quantify them by viable count. A successful method was developed for enumerating viable oral spirochetes as colony-forming units (CFU) in an agarose-based medium. Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii and Treponema socranskii in log-phase growth in new oral spirochete (NOS) broth were used for evaluation of the method. Critical components of the method include enzyme-free low temperature-gelling (37 degrees C) agarose in NOS medium in small tissue-culture flasks into which the spirochetes were seeded and diluted. The flasks were anaerobically incubated in a glove-box. Reliable, consistent and reproducible viable counts of pure spirochete cultures were obtained. The injurious effects of spirochete temperature-sensitivity were averted by using molten agarose at 37 degrees C. Distinctive colony morphologies of spirochete species could be compared from pure cultures. Addition of rifampin into the medium showed no decrease in spirochete CFU count. The method as described allows for selection of mutants and detection of biochemical activity and is potentially useful for enumeration of spirochetes from periodontal pockets as members of the predominant cultivable flora.
Liquorice has an active substance, Glycyrrhizin which inhibits the conversion of precursor cortisol to cortisone by inhibiting the enzyme 11-betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. When imbibed, liquorice acts like hyperaldosteronism which presents with typical symptoms including high blood pressure, low blood potassium, and muscle pain and weakness. This article appraises physiological and pharmacological effects on health of liquorice, critiques products containing liquorice, describes a typical case report of liquorice-induced hypertension, and appraises oral effects from consumption of liquorice products.
Vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material (VPPIM) setting is unreliable when mixed in gloved hands. The exact reason for this remains obscure. This report focuses on the effect of natural and synthetic latex gloves on the setting of VPPIMs. This report indicates that synthetic latex gloves (SLG) have no effect on setting reaction of VPPIMs. However, natural latex gloves (NLG) significantly delay the setting reaction (P less than 0.05). Manufacturers should take note of this and supply SLGs for mixing. Dentists contemplating the use of VPPIMs should take these findings into consideration.
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