Indigenous Reserves have played an indispensable role in maintaining forest areas in the Neotropics. In the Amazon there is a clear correlation between these reserves and the presence of forest cover; however, the simple presence of uninterrupted vegetation is no guarantee for the conservation of biodiversity, especially where hunting is practiced. This study describes hunting practices among the Awá-Guajá people from 1993 through 1994, also identifying sociocultural, technological, and demographic changes that have influenced their resource acquisition strategies over the last two decades. The data was obtained through ethnographic fieldwork, recording 78 days of foraging returns, with follow-up visits through 2010. This work provides useful information for an effective diachronic analysis of hunting in this community, by revealing foraging patterns of the early to mid-1990s, and describing community transformations over the last two decades in this locale.

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The practice of anthropology in Brazil has a long history of engagement with local communities, development projects and political advocacy. While the practical aspects of the discipline do not fall under any special rubric of "applied," per se, Brazilian anthropologists have been actively involved in lobbying, policy formulation, community development, and advocacy. These activities are often embraced as a distinct subfield of the discipline of anthropology by their North American counterparts. However, although they are quite evident in Brazil, these activities have never been termed as a special component of Brazilian Anthropology. Thus, while unnamed, applied anthropology in Brazil has been part and parcel of the profession almost since its inception.

Post-colonial interactions between indigenous groups in Amazonia have intrigued observers since contact was established between non-indigenous Brazilians and first-nation peoples. Exchanges between different ethnic groups were largely referred to

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The Brazilian military government began to make plans in the 1970s for large-scale development projects in the Xingu River valley that aligned with their vision of national interests. The plan called for job creation, road construction, regional settlement by farmers and ranchers, as well as the construction of hydroelectric dams that would provide power for the industries that would follow (Aspelin & Santos 1981). By the 1980s the Brazilian government began conducting impact studies to assess the feasibility of two dams (Babaquara and Kararaô) planned for the middle and lower courses of the Xingu River, near the city of Altamira, in the state of Pará.

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