A survey of the combined effects of waterlogging and salinity on fruit yield in the date palm groves of the Wargla basin, Algeria.Abstract --Introduction. While researchers have paid considerable attention to the effect of soil salinity on crop yield, methodological impediments remain when salinity is combined with other growth factors, especially in farmers' fields. A specific methodology was adapted to assess the effect of waterlogging and salinity on date palm yield (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Deglet Noor). Materials and methods. Date palm yield, water table depth, irrigation water, groundwater and soil salinity were measured in 167 field plots located in five irrigation sectors of the Wargla basin (Algeria). Variance analysis and a boundary line approach were combined to analyze actual and potential yields according to environmental stresses. Results and discussion. High soil salinity resulted from saline irrigation water and a shallow water table. Actual yield decreased with the increase in soil salinity, the decrease in water table depth, and the presence of a gypsum-cemented horizon within the soil profile. The significant effect of the interaction between water table depth and soil salinity showed that the crop responded to the most severe stress rather than to combinations of the individual effects. Potential yield was assessed according to classes of water table depth, soil salinity and the occurrence of a gypsum-cemented horizon. The relationship between soil salinity and potential yield was calibrated according to two models. The limiting factors in order of decreasing importance were shallow water table, high soil salinity and occurrence of a gypsum-cemented horizon for 38.3%, 16.8% and 2.4% of the field plots, respectively; there was no limiting factor for 42.5% of the field plots. In certain sectors, actual yields remained far below potential yields and the additional effect of irrigation water salinity could thus be considered.Algeria / Phoenix dactylifera / yields / waterlogging / soil salinity Enquête sur les effets combinés de l'engorgement et de la salinité sur le rendement des palmeraies du bassin d'Ouargla, en Algérie.Résumé --Introduction. Alors que les chercheurs ont porté une très grande attention à l'effet de la salinité du sol sur le rendement des cultures, des obstacles méthodologiques demeurent lorsque la salinité est combinée à d'autres facteurs de croissance, en particulier en conditions réelles dans les parcelles des agriculteurs. Une méthodologie spécifique a été adaptée pour évaluer l'effet de l'engorgement et de la salinité sur le rendement du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Deglet Nour). Matériel et méthodes. Le rendement du palmier dattier, la profondeur de la nappe phréatique, l'eau d'irrigation, les eaux souterraines et la salinité du sol ont été mesurés dans 167 parcelles situées dans cinq secteurs d'irrigation du bassin d'Ouargla (Algérie). Une analyse de variance et une approche par la méthode des courbes-enveloppes ont été combinées pour évaluer les rendemen...
Wheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield. The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho-physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory. The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation, decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Relative Water Content (RWC), etc), and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes). At the level of treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations. A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress.
To improve the yield of durum wheat seed (Triticum durum Desf.), seven varieties were grown in an experimental field (Tifech region in Souk Ahras). The study focused on planting the varieties on two cropping precedents (sorghum and fallow grazing), in addition to the use of two bottom fertilizers, one potassic (Fosfactyl) and the other phoshonitrogen, (DAP). The analysis of the results showed a clear improvement in grain yields in the varieties harvested from the previous crop (Sorgho) and having received Fosfactyl as fertilizer. The best grain yields were displayed by the Carioca, Boussallem and Sersou varieties. After harvest, the study of soil parameters of the respective parcels showed soil with a sandy loam texture, with a low organic matter, with a slightly alkaline pH, while being low in salts.
During the last decade, the Ouargla basin went through a problem of groundwater rise that had prejudicial consequences on the oasis environment. We studied the impact of hydroedaphic environment on root systems of the Deglet Noor date palm in the date-producing areas of Ouargla basin. The results indicated that 53.9% of date-producing farms showed a water table depth between 29 and 119.4 cm. Root distribution of date palms 80 cm far from the trunk showed that 56.9% of the palm plantations exhibit a rooting depth between 27 and 119 cm, including 3% of which is caused by the gypseous and gypseous-calcareous crusts alone, 10.8% of which is caused by the water table combined with the gypseous and gypseous-calcareous crusts and finally 43.1% of which caused by the water table. Electric conductivity of groundwater varied from 10 to 39.7 dS. m-1. The correlation analysis confirmed that lower water table depths and, gypseous and gypseous-calcareous crusts caused a decrease in the root system depth. Roots avoided both water saturation zone and mechanical resistance in the crusts, causing them to develop in the side direction. Salinity of groundwater proved to be less important to rooting of the date palm compared to level of the ground water.
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