Triploidy in embryos of the Chilean northern scallop, Argopecten purpuratus Lamarck, 1819, was induced with heat shock. Ploidy levels were assessed by chromosome counting after 3 h from embryos at the 8-16 cell stage of development. The efficiency of induction varied with the time of treatment post-insemination and the temperature of the shock. The duration of the shock showed a positive correlation with the percentage of triploids, the highest of which was obtained using 31°C for 15 min applied 10 min after insemination (66.7 %) but with low percentage of survival embryos after 3 h (26.4 %) and 18 days (11.2 %). The optimal procedure for triploidy induction (62.7 %) and survival after 3 h (62 %) and 18 days of culture (30.5 %) was the heat shock of 31°C for 10 min applied 10 min after fertilisation. We observed no significant difference in growth of shell length between controls and treated larvae after 18 days of culture.
INTRODUCTION:
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is associated with nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and gastric malignancies. The aims of the study were to test the hypothesis that mucocutaneous (MC) manifestations occur more often in patients with vs without AIG and to delineate patterns of MC manifestations in AIG.
Methods:
A single-center, prospective 2:1 case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with the diagnosis of AIG based on consistent serologic and histologic findings. Controls had a normal gastric biopsy. MC manifestations were independently evaluated by 3 experienced dermatologists. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, Helicobacter pylori, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption to estimate the association between AIG (vs no AIG) and MC manifestations (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval).
RESULTS:
We prospectively enrolled 60 cases and 30 controls (mean age 53.5 ± 15.8 vs 53.4 ± 14.5 years; 75% vs 73.3% women). The pooled prevalence of MC immune-mediated diseases was higher in patients with vs without AIG (66.7% vs 23.3%; adjusted odds ratio 12.01 [95% confidence interval: 3.51–41.13]). In patients with AIG, seropositive vs seronegative anti-intrinsic factor antibodies more often had concomitant immunological diseases with MC manifestations (100% vs 58.5%; P = 0.016). The most common MC immune-mediated diseases in AIG were Sjögren syndrome (n = 5, 8.3%), alopecia areata (n = 5, 8.3%), and vitiligo (n = 4, 6.7%). Nutritional deficiency-related MC findings, mainly xerosis, lingual, and nail disorders, were also more common in AIG.
DISCUSSION:
This is the first comparative study specifically designed to evaluate MC manifestations in AIG. We demonstrated that AIG is more frequently associated with both immune- and nutritional deficiency-related MC manifestations, which might have both diagnostic and therapeutic clinical implications.
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