Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of mortality in Latin America, while peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the third leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity. Objective: To establish the prevalence of PA D and the distribution of traditional CVD risk factors in a population from the Department of Cauca, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 10,000 subjects aged ≥40 years, from 36 municipalities. An ankle---brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.9 in either leg was used as diagnostic criterion of PAD. Results: Overall PA D prevalence was 4.4% (4.7% females vs. 4.0% males), with diabetes being the most prevalent risk factor (23%). Among individuals self-reporting a history of acute myocardial infarction or stroke, PA D prevalence was 31.0% and 8.1%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, PA D was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 4.6; 95% CI; 3.42---6.20), diabetes (4.3; 3.17---5.75), dyslipidaemia (3.1; 2.50---3.88), obesity (1.8; 1.37---2.30), and cigarette smoking (1.6; 1.26---1.94). Analysis for the interaction of risk factors showed that diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity accounted for 13.2 times the risk for PA D (6.9---25.4), and when adding hypertension to the model, the risk effect was the highest (17.2; 8.4---35.1). Conclusions: Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity, but not smoking were strong predictors of PAD. ABI measurement should be routinely performed as a screening test in

The Colombian population, for his history contains an ancestral mix of Europeans, Native Americans and Africans, these mixing ratios can be determined by Ancestry-Informative Markers (AIMs), this markers allow us to observe stratification in genetic association studies. The aim of this study was to determine the mixing ratios in a population sample of 500 individuals the Department of Cauca, Colombia with three different origins (European, Native American and African) using a set of 46 AIMs insertion-deletion (AIM-INDELs). The software STRUCTURE v 2.3.4 was used to determine the ancestral mixture. The average composition of the population of the Department of Cauca was 48% for Native American, 39% for European and 14% for African. It showed that the ancestral composition of the Department of Cauca has a greater contribution of Native Americans and Europeans compared to Africans which could be explained by the European migrations during the conquest of America.2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Los miembros del género Drosophila, comúnmente conocidos como moscas de la fruta, han sido ampliamente analizados como un modelo biológico de gran impacto para los estudios ambientales y genéticos dado su pequeño tamaño, su breve ciclo de vida, su fácil y asequible mantenimiento, así como su rápida reproducción y numerosa descendencia. Sin embargo, aún no se ha hecho una caracterización completa de estos individuos en zonas tropicales antropizadas, lo que puede tenerun gran impacto en el desarrollo biológico de la mosca. En dicho contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la presencia de los drosofílidos en la ciudad de Popayán para generar conocimiento que pueda servir de línea base en la realización de otras investigaciones. Se recolectaron 1.033 drosofílidos del género Drosophila distribuidos en tres subgéneros: Drosophila, Dorsilopha y Sophophora, y tres grupos de especies: D. repleta, D. busckii y D. melanogaster, en cuatro comunas con características bióticas muy similares, una temperatura máxima de 23 °C y una humedad máxima de 85 %. Los hallazgos constituyen la primera evidencia de la coexistencia de tres drosofílidos en la zona urbana de Popayán.