In this paper we present a blockchain based system for the supply chain management of a typical Italian bread. Goal of the system is to guarantee a transparent and auditable traceability of the Carasau bread in such a way that each actor of the supply chain can verify the quality of the products and the conformity to the normative about the hygienic-sanitary conditions along the chain. To realize this system we relied on the Blockchain and the Internet of Thing technologies in order to provide a trustless environment, in which trust is placed in cryptography, in mathematical operations and on the network, and not in public or private companies. Thanks to the use of digital technologies the system aims to reduce the data entry errors and the risk of tampering. Our system is designed in such a way that, along the supply chain, the nodes equipped with several sensors directly communicate their data to Raspberry Pi units that elaborate and transmit them to Interplanetary File System and to the Ethereum Blockchain. Furthermore, we designed ad hoc Radio Frequency Identification and Near Field communication tags to shortly supply the proposed system with information about the products and batches. The system will easily allow end consumers to have a transparent view on the whole journey from raw material to purchased final product and a supervisory authority to perform online inspections on the products' quality and on the good working practices.
Background:
Hyperthermia is an adjuvant oncologic thermal therapy. In the case of deep-seated bone cancers, the interstitial hyperthermia treatment can be performed using thermo-seeds, implanted biomaterial components that are able to convert external electromagnetic power into thermal one. Several magnetic biomaterials have been synthesized for thermal treatments of cancer. However, less attention has been paid to the modeling description of the therapy, especially when the bio-heat transfer process is coupled to the electromagnetic heating.
Objective:
In this work, a comparison between the available analytical and numerical models is presented.
Methods:
A non-linear multiphysics model is used to study and describe the performance of cylindrical magnetic hydroxyapatite thermo-seeds to treat residual cancer cells of bone tumours.
Results:
The thermal dynamics and treatment outcome are carefully evaluated. Under the exposure of a magnetic field of 30 mT, working at 300 kHz, it was found that magnetic hydroxyapatite implants with a size of 10 mm × 10 mm could increase the temperature above 42 °C for 60 min.
Conclusion:
The proposed model overcomes the limitations of the available theoretical frameworks, and the results reveal the relevancy of the implant geometry to the effectiveness of the hyperthermia treatment.
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